Ch 7- Skin And Its Appendages

Question 1

Integumentary system

Answer 1

Is the skin. 1.6 to 1.9 square meters

Question 2

Epidermis

Answer 2

Outer, thinner layer. Epithelial tissue.

Question 3

Dermis

Answer 3

Inner, thicker layer. Dense, vascular connective tissue.

Question 4

Subcutaneous layer

Answer 4

Deepest layer. Rich in fat and areolar tissue.

Question 5

Keratinocytes

Answer 5

Filled with the protein keratin.

Question 6

Melanocytes

Answer 6

Contribute to skin color. Filter uv light. Produce melanin. (Brown pigment)

Question 7

Stratum corneum

Answer 7

Horny layer. Outermost layer of the epidermis. Water repellent because of the keratin. Barrier to outside forces and bacteria.

Question 8

Stratum germinativum

Answer 8

Is stratum basale and stratum spin odium together. Basale is single layer of cells. Mitosis goes on here and new cells gradually move out. Spinosum is prickly layer (many layers of cells) and these cells are still actively making keratin.

Question 9

Blisters

Answer 9

Form when …injury to epidermal cells

Separation of the dermal- epidermal junction, bonds that hold layers together are weakened, fluid leaks into the space.

Question 10

Calluses

Answer 10

Form when…abrasions increase the rate of mitosis. A thick stratum corneum results in an area of repeated friction.

Question 11

Dermis

Answer 11

Thicker than the epidermis, “true skin” provides mechanical strength of the skin.

Question 12

Papillary layer

Answer 12

Thin with ridges for epidermal attachment. Where ridges are well defined we get finger prints.

Question 13

Reticular layer

Answer 13

Is the thicker layer of the dermis with network of elastic fibers. Muscle attachment, skeletal and smooth “goose bumps”.

Question 14

Basal cell carcinoma

Answer 14

Most common form of skin cancer

Question 15

Squamous cell carcinoma

Answer 15

Second common type of skin cancer not likely to spread.

Question 16

Malignant melanoma

Answer 16

5% diagnosed, 20% mortality

Most deadly. Develops from mole-like lesion.

Question 17

ABC rules for melanoma

Answer 17

A- asymmetry
B- border
C- color
D- diameter

Question 18

Skin color is determined by….

Answer 18

Quantity of melanin produced by melanocytes. Melanin is a brown pigment. Heredity. Also pigment carotene.

Question 19

Functions of the skin. ESSAY!!!!

Answer 19

PROTECTION: forms a barrier to pathogens, injury, chemicals, melanin protects from sun’s radiation, keeps us from drying out.
SENSATION: sensory receptors for pain, pressure, temp., vibration, and touch.
FLEXIBILITY: movement without injury. Skin is elastic and grows.
EXCRETION: sweat helps us cool. Some wastes found in sweat.
VIT D PRODUCTION.
IMMUNITY: wbc’s cruise in the dermis looking for bacteria.

Question 20

Heat production comes from….

Answer 20

• metabolism of food
• mostly in muscles and liver
• exercise produces more heat

Question 21

Body heat lost through….

Answer 21

Evaporation as water evaporates.

High humidity slows evaporation.

Question 22

Hypothalamus

Answer 22

Thermostat in the brain

Question 23

1st degree burn

Answer 23

Partial thickness burn. Sunburn, reddening of the skin, minimal tissue damage.

Question 24

2nd degree burn

Answer 24

Partial thickness burn. Deep epidermal layers and some injury to dermis. Blisters, pain, swelling, edema, may cause scaring.

Question 25

3rd degree burn

Answer 25

Full thickness burn. Epidermis and dermis destroyed. No pain at first. Scar tissue replaces normal tissue. Very dangerous and serious.

Question 26

4th degree burn

Answer 26

Involve damage to underlying tissues like muscle, fascia, and bone as well as all layers of skin. You can see exposed bones with this burn.

Question 27

The biggest risks from serious burns are....

Answer 27

Water/electrolyte loss Shock Infection

Question 28

Eccrine gland

Answer 28

Produce sweat Cool the body Originate in subcutaneous tissue

Question 29

Apocrine gland

Answer 29

``` Connected to hair follicles Larger than eccrine glands Begin functioning at puberty Smell is bacteria contamination Armpit, breasts, anus ```

Question 30

Sebaceous glands

Answer 30

Secrete sebum Anti-fungal Accumulation of this oil causes black heads

Question 31

Ceruminous glands

Answer 31

Secrete cerulean Ear wax Only found in ear canals

Question 32

Impetigo

Answer 32

Bacteria causes reddish discoloration, followed by blisters . Highly contagious.

Question 33

Times

Answer 33

Fungal infection. Causes redness, itching and scaling.

Question 34

Warts

Answer 34

Papilloma virus causes rumors which are usually benign.

Question 35

Boils

Answer 35

Staph infections (bacteria) of hair follicles.

Question 36

Decubitus ulcers

Answer 36

Bedsores. Pressure sores. Difficulty healing and infection likely due to poor blood flow.

Question 37

Hives

Answer 37

Urticaria. Raised, red lesions. Caused by allergic reactions, chemicals, or systemic diseases.

Question 38

Psoriasis

Answer 38

Chronic inflammation disorder. May have genetic basis. Scaly lesions and inflammation.

Question 39

Scleroderma

Answer 39

Autoimmune disease. Affects blood vessels and connective tissues of the skin, skin hardening, can become systemic.

Question 40

Eczema

Answer 40

Most common inflammatory skin disorder. Bumps, blisters, and crusts.

Question 41

Heat stroke

Answer 41

More severe and possibly fatal. Homeostasis has failed. Body temp rising. Temp over 105. Rapid heart rate, headache, dry skin, convulsions, coma, death, replace fluids, cool off now!!

Question 42

Heat exhaustion

Answer 42

Large amount of water loss. | Disrupts homeostasis but is still trying. Dizzy, weak, nausea, cramps, rest and drink lots of water.

Question 43

Keratin

Answer 43

Tough, fibrous protein substance in nails, hair, outer skin cells, and horny tissues.

Question 44

Melanin

Answer 44

Brown pigment primarily in skin and hair.