Ch 5- Cell Growth And Reproduction

Question 1

Hypertrophy

Answer 1

Increase in the size of normal cells. Ex: gaining adipose cell size, getting very large muscles.

Question 2

Atrophy

Answer 2

Decrease in cell size. Ex: when you lose weight.

Question 3

Hyperplasia

Answer 3

Increase in number of cells increasing the size of a tissue or organ. Ex: breast tissue after birth, thyroid tissue if iodine levels low. Still normal cells!

Question 4

Dysphasia

Answer 4

Abnormal cells ( size, shape, organization)
Per-cancerous?

Question 5

Necrosis

Answer 5

Dead tissue. Can easily become infected.

Question 6

Describe the general structure of DNA and the parts of a nucleotide.

Answer 6

Structure: double helix
Nucleotide: deoxyribose sugar, phosphate, nitrogen base.
A…T
g….c

Question 7

mRNA

Answer 7

Messenger- copies the message from DNA. Assembles amino acids to make protein according to DNA code.

Question 8

tRNA

Answer 8

Transfer- carries amino acids to the ribosomes and lines them up according to the mRNA code to make proteins.

Question 9

rRNA

Answer 9

Ribosomal- part of the structure of ribosomes.

Question 10

G1

Answer 10

Cell grows and makes new organelles. Cellular contents, excluding the chromosomes, are duplicated.

Question 11

S

Answer 11

Each of the 46 chromosomes is duplicated by the cell. DNA copies itself. Replication. This is the only time in the cell cycle when DNA is copied.

Question 12

G2

Answer 12

The cell “double checks” the duplicated chromosomes for error, making any needed repairs. Cell makes centrioles and spindle fibers for separating chromosomes during cell division.

Question 13

Replication

Answer 13

Takes place in the nucleus.

DNA unzips, pairs up, copies itself exactly.

Question 14

Transcription

Answer 14

Takes place in the nucleus.

DNA unzips u replaces t. Copy made is called a transcript.

Question 15

Translation

Answer 15

Takes place on the ribosomes in the cytoplasm. The cell interprets the genetic code and forms a specific sequence of amino acids.

Question 16

Interphase

Answer 16

Mitotic phase immediately before visible condensation of the chromosomes during which the DNA of each chromosome replicates itself.

Question 17

Mitosis

Answer 17

Complex process in which a cell’s DNA is replicated and divided equally between two daughter cells.

Question 18

Cytokinesis

Answer 18

Process by which a dividing cell splits its cytoplasm and plasma membrane into two distinct daughter cells; happens along with mitosis during the cell division process.

Question 19

How can a mutated gene result in disease? ESSAY!!!!

Answer 19

PKU= missing gene= too much phenylalanine = brain damage.

Question 20

Cancer

Answer 20

Cell division out of control.

Question 21

Sickle cell anemia

Answer 21

Mutation to genes…wrong protein…..disease

Question 22

Meiosis

Answer 22

Cell division to make eggs and sperm. Ovaries and testes only.