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WACE Chemistry > Ch. 7 Molecules for Living > Flashcards

Ch. 7 Molecules for Living Flashcards

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1
Q

Define polymers

A

Polymers formed when many smaller molecules, called monomers, are joined by covalent bonds

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2
Q

define monomers

A

a small molecule that combines with other monomers to make a polymer

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3
Q

what is polymerisation

A

chemical reaction in which many small molecules (monomers) link together by covalent bonds to form one large molecule (polymer)

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4
Q

what are the two types of polymerisation

A

o Addition polymerisation (involves an addition reaction)

o Condensation polymerisation (involves a condensation reaction)

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5
Q

what is thermoplastic

A

a polymer that can be melted + reshaped

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6
Q

what is thermosetting

A

→ a polymer that cannot be melted or reformed (more chemically resistance, durable/ stronger)

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7
Q

what is addition polymers

A

formed by adding together without the loss of any atoms, through addition polymerisation

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8
Q

What type of molecular bonding is required for addition polymers and why

A
  • monomer must have double bond b/w two carbon atoms

o The breaking of double bond provides each carbon with available bond to form bonds with other monomers

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9
Q

What is the difference in polyethylene between Low density (LDPE) and high density (HDPE)

A
  • L= significant branching (prevent packing // fewer dispersion forces)
  • H= unbranched, stronger dispersion
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10
Q

What is LDPE and HDPE known as

A

o (a) HDPE= more ordered structure (said to be crystalline) while (b) LDPE= more random structure (amorphous)

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11
Q

how do you name a polymer

A
  • Named by putting ‘poly’ in front of the polymer name
  • Brackets used around the name when the monomer name
    o Is more than one word; e.g. poly(vinyl chloride)
    o Beings with a number; e.g. poly(1-chloroethene)
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12
Q

What forces are involved in PVC and what does it occur

A
  • Chlorine=highly electronegative // attracts election towards the –C-CL- bond = creates polar bond with Cl atoms slightly negative and C atoms slightly positive
  • Dipole dipole interactions add to dispersion forces b/w polymer chains to make stronger intermolecular forces = holds polymer chains more strongly together
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13
Q

What are plasticisers

A

→ small molecules inserted b/w polymer chains- sometimes added to hold polymer chains further apart and weaken intermolecular forces between chains
o Makes polymer more flexible

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14
Q

What are the 3 arrangements of Polypropylene

A
  • Isotactic (same side)
  • Atactic (random)
  • Syndiotactic (alternate on either side)
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15
Q

what is stereo regular

A
  • Isotactic + syndiotactic= forms of polypropylene called stereoregular polymers
    o Semi crystalline
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16
Q

what is a co polymer

A

: a polymer produced from two or more different monomers

17
Q

What are 6 important features of polymers

A 
o	Crystallinity
o	Branching
o	Chain length
o	Side groups
o	Cross linking 
o	Stability and biodegradability
18
Q

Explain the feature of crystallinity

A
  • can be crystalline region (strainer bonding, non permeable)
  • or amprhpus (random,, large gaps b/w molcules= weak intermolecular
19
Q

Explain the feature of branching

A
  • low branching= pack closely > more crystalline
20
Q

Explain the feature of chain length

A

long chain= harder

21
Q

Explain the feature of side groups

A
  • bigger side group= reduces flexibility
22
Q

Explain the feature of cross linking

A

increases rigitity

23
Q

Explain the feature of stability and biodegradability

A
  • increased biodegradability by copolymerised with natural polymer segments
24
Q

addition polymers require double bond, condensation polymers require..

A

functional groups

25
Q

what is a polyester

A

condensation polymers in which the monomers are joined by an ester link

26
Q

what are polyesters formed from either:

A
  • single monomer (hydroxyl functional group at one end and carboxylic acids on the other)
  • two different monomer (one with two hydroxyls and another with two carboxyl groups)
27
Q

what is a polyamide

A

condensation polymers in which the repeating units are held together by amide links (-CO-NH-) (Link also found in proteins= peptide link)

28
Q

what are polyamides formed from either:

A

o Single monomer that has an amino acid (-NH2) at one end and a carboxyl (-COOH) at the other
o Two different monomers- one with amino groups at each end (a diamine) and one monomer with carboxyl groups at each end (dicarboxylic acid)

WACE Chemistry (8 decks)

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