Ch. 1 Equilibrium Flashcards
What 5 factors effect rate of reaction
concentration, pressure, temperature, sa, catalyst
What is activation energy
difference in enthalpy between reactants and activation complex)
chemical systems reach equilibrium when:
closed system
involves a reverse reaction
AT equibliurm, what occurs
o Rate of forward reaction= rate of reverse
o Concentrations remain constant
o macroscopic properties= constant
what are the two ways equilbiurm can be graphed
o Reaction rate and time
o Concentration and time
What does the graph for reaction rate look like
- forward high
- reverse at 0
- will become equal
What does the graph for concentration look like
- reactants high
- products on zero
- will plateau
what is the formala for equilibrium expression
[reactants] power of coefficients
difference in what is included in equilibrium constants for heterogeneous and homogenous system
- In heterogeneous system:
o Only include gases and solutions (not solids and liquids as their concentrations do not vary) - In homogenous system:
o Include solids and liquids as proportions are important
What is the effect of temp on equilibrium constant
- Change in temperature > change in proportion of particles to collide
- Extent of these changes relative to each other determine amount of substances, and therefore effects equilibrium constant
what does a large and small K value mean
o Large K value= reaction favours forward (large product amount)
o Small K value= reaction favours reverse (small product amount)
o K close to 1= significant amount of both
if volume halved…
pressure doubles
if volume changes by adding water, what happens
- If volume changes by adding water, same principal as concentration of aqueous substances change
o Concentration decreases
o Rate of reaction that uses greater proportion of aqueous molecules will decrease most = this reaction slowly increases while opposite decreases
What is endothermic
products have more enthalpy (energy absorbed from surroundings)
what is exothermic
reactants have more enthalpy (energy released to surroundings)
