Ch. 7 - Making a Living

Question 1

Plant cultivation and animal domestication

Answer 1

Food production

Question 2

Means of making a living; productive system

Answer 2

Adaptive strategy

Question 3

An economy and a way of life based on hunting and gathering

Answer 3

Foraging

Question 4

An association; when one variable changes, another does, too

Answer 4

Correlation

Question 5

Basic social unit among foragers; fewer than a hundred people; may split up seasonally

Answer 5

Band

Question 6

Nonindustrial plant cultivation with fallowing

Answer 6

Horticulture

Question 7

Cultivation using land and labor continuously and intensively

Answer 7

Agriculture

Question 8

Continuum of land and labor use

Answer 8

Cultivation continuum

Question 9

Herders of domestic animals

Answer 9

Pastoralists

Question 10

Annual movement of entire pastoral group with herds

Answer 10

Nomadism (pastoral)

Question 11

System in which only part of population moves seasonally with herds

Answer 11

Transhumance

Question 12

System of resource production, distribution, and consumption

Answer 12

Economy

Question 13

Specific set of social relations that organizes labor

Answer 13

Mode of production

Question 14

Major productive resources, e.g., land, labor, technology, capital

Answer 14

Means (factors) of production

Question 15

Allocation of scarce means (resources) among alternative ends

Answer 15

Economizing

Question 16

Small-scale farmer with rent fund obligations

Answer 16

Peasant

Question 17

Buying, selling, and valuation based on supply and demand

Answer 17

Market principle

Question 18

Flow of goods from the local level into a center, then back out; characteristic of chiefdoms

Answer 18

Redistribution

Question 19

Principle governing exchanges among social equals

Answer 19

Reciprocity

Question 20

Continuum running from generalized reciprocity (closely related/deferred return) to negative reciprocity (strangers/immediate return)

Answer 20

Reciprocity continuum

Question 21

Exchanges among closely related individuals

Answer 21

Generalized reciprocity

Question 22

Midpoint on the reciprocity continuum between generalized and negative reciprocity

Answer 22

Balanced reciprocity

Question 23

Potentially hostile exchanges among strangers

Answer 23

Negative reciprocity

Question 24

Competitive feast on North Pacific Coast of North America

Answer 24

Potlatch