Ch. 7 - Making a Living Flashcards
Plant cultivation and animal domestication
Food production
Means of making a living; productive system
Adaptive strategy
An economy and a way of life based on hunting and gathering
Foraging
An association; when one variable changes, another does, too
Correlation
Basic social unit among foragers; fewer than a hundred people; may split up seasonally
Band
Nonindustrial plant cultivation with fallowing
Horticulture
Cultivation using land and labor continuously and intensively
Agriculture
Continuum of land and labor use
Cultivation continuum
Herders of domestic animals
Pastoralists
Annual movement of entire pastoral group with herds
Nomadism (pastoral)
System in which only part of population moves seasonally with herds
Transhumance
System of resource production, distribution, and consumption
Economy
Specific set of social relations that organizes labor
Mode of production
Major productive resources, e.g., land, labor, technology, capital
Means (factors) of production
Allocation of scarce means (resources) among alternative ends
Economizing
Small-scale farmer with rent fund obligations
Peasant
Buying, selling, and valuation based on supply and demand
Market principle
Flow of goods from the local level into a center, then back out; characteristic of chiefdoms
Redistribution
Principle governing exchanges among social equals
Reciprocity
Continuum running from generalized reciprocity (closely related/deferred return) to negative reciprocity (strangers/immediate return)
Reciprocity continuum
Exchanges among closely related individuals
Generalized reciprocity
Midpoint on the reciprocity continuum between generalized and negative reciprocity
Balanced reciprocity
Potentially hostile exchanges among strangers
Negative reciprocity
Competitive feast on North Pacific Coast of North America
Potlatch
