Ch. 2 - Culture Flashcards
Process by which culture is learned and transmitted across generations
Enculturation
Something verbal or non-verbal that stands for something else
Symbol
Key, basic, or central values that integrate culture
Core values
Any fossil or living human, chimp, or gorilla
Hominid
All human species that have ever existed
Hominins
Something that exists in every culture
Universal
Culture pattern or trait that exists in some but not all societies
Generality
Distinctive or unique culture trait, pattern, or integration
Particularity
Cultural features shared by citizens of same nation
National culture
Cultural traditions that extend beyond natural boundaries
International culture
Different cultural traditions associated with subgroups in the same complex society
Subcultures
Judging other cultures using one’s own cultural standards
Ethnocentrism
Idea that behavior should be evaluated not by outside standards but in context of culture in which it occurs
Cultural relativism
Rights based on justice and morality beyond and superior to particular countries, cultures, and religions
Human rights
Rights vested in religious and ethnic minorities and indigenous societies
Cultural rights
Indigenous group’s collective knowledge and its applications
IPR (intellectual property rights)
Accelerating interdependence of nations in the world system today
Globalization
Borrowing of cultural traits between societies
Diffusion
Exchange of cultural features between groups and first-hand contact
Acculturation
Independent development of a cultural feature in different societies
Independent invention
