Ch 7 Functional Assessment Flashcards
Which muscles are most involved in posture? What type of muscle are they mostly comprised of?
deep muscle, type I (slow twitch) fibers
Why does poor posture indicate possible movement dysfunction?
movement begins from static posture, therefore postural deficiencies can impact movement efficiency
What factors or contributors to posture may not be correctable?
- trauma/surgery
- structural deviations
- congenital conditions
- certain pathologies (ie rheumatoid arthritis)
What factors or contributors to posture are correctable?
- habitual poor posture
- muscle pattern overload (repetitive motion or prolonged static periods)
- side dominance
- lack of joint mobility or stability
- imbalanced training programs
What principle does ACE encourage trainers to follow by emphasizing functional assessment prior to training?
Straighten the body before you strengthen it
What are the impacts of ankle pronation or supination?
pronation/eversion causes internal knee and femoral rotation
supination/inversion causes external knee and femoral rotation
both impact the kinetic chain, adding to stressors on the hips and lower back
What makes tight hip flexors common in sedentary people? What syndrome is associated with this?
prolonged periods with the hip flexors in a forward tilt, leading to muscle imbalance and tight hip flexors
lower-cross syndrome involves erector spinae and lordosis of the lower spine
Shoulders are complex joints. What are some common problems which might be identified in shoulder posture?
- not level with floor
- asymmetrical to midline
- protracted (rounded/forward)
- medially rotated humerus
- kyphosis (depressed chest)
Why do clearing tests come before functional and physical assessments?
to screen for pain or other contraindications such as difficulties with the cervical spine, lower back, or shoulder impingement
What movements might be used for a clearing test of the cervical spine?
- cervical flexion
- cervical extension
- chin to either shouler or collarbone
What movements might be used for a clearing test of the shoulder?
cross arms with hands to opposite shoulders and lift elbows
check ROM
What movements might be used for a clearing test of the lower back?
cobra and child’s pose
Functional Screening
Bend & Lift
1 rep ea squatting with dowels of
(frontal)
- stability of the foot
- knee over toe alignment
- overall body symmetry
(saggital)
- heel-floor contact
- knee/glute dominance
- tibia and torso achieve parallell state
- spine position and stability
- head position
Functional Screening
Hurdle-step
1 rep ea stepping over a barrier with dowel on shoulders
(frontal)
- foot stability
- knee over foot on stance leg
- hip stability
- torso stability
- alignment of moving leg
(saggital)
-stability of torso and stance leg
- hip mobility
Functional Screening
Push-up
check for scapular winging or protraction and “collapsing” (hyperextension) of the back which indicates a weak core
Functional Screening
Shoulder pull stabilization
client lies on the floor with outstretched arm, trainer lifts by arm and client attempts to stabilize without twisting or moving scapulae from ribcage
Functional Screening
Thoracic spine mobility
cross arms and twist upper body without hip rotation, check ROM and side differences
ROM in healthy adults
Shoulder Flexion
150-180*
ROM in healthy adults
Shoulder Extension
50-60*
ROM in healthy adults
Shoulder Abduction
180*
ROM in healthy adults
Shoulder Internal (Medial) Rotation
70-80*
ROM in healthy adults
Shoulder External (Lateral) Rotation
90*
ROM in healthy adults
Shoulder Horizontal Abduction
30-40*
ROM in healthy adults
Shoulder Horizontal Adduction
90*
ROM in healthy adults
Elbow (flexion, extension)
flexion 145*
extension 0*
ROM in healthy adults
Radio-ulnar (pronation, supination)
pronation 90*
supination 90*
ROM in healthy adults
Wrist Flexion
80*
ROM in healthy adults
Wrist Extension
70*
ROM in healthy adults
Wrist Radial Deviation
20*
ROM in healthy adults
Wrist Ulnar Deviation
45*
ROM in healthy adults
C-spine Flexion
80*
ROM in healthy adults
C-spine Extension
45-75*
ROM in healthy adults
C-spine Lateral Flexion
45*
ROM in healthy adults
C-spine Rotation
65-75*
ROM in healthy adults
Lumbar Spine (flexion/extension)
flexion 40-45*
extension 30-40*
ROM in healthy adults
Lumbar Spine Rotation
10-15*
ROM in healthy adults
Lumbar Spine Lateral Flexion
20*
ROM in healthy adults
T-spine (flexion/extension)
flexion 30-40*
extension 20-30*
ROM in healthy adults
T-spine Rotation
35*
ROM in healthy adults
T-spine Lateral Flexion
20-25*
ROM in healthy adults
Hip (flexion/extension)
flexion 100-120*
extension 10-30*
ROM in healthy adults
Hip (abduction/adduction)
abduction 40-45*
adduction 20-30*
ROM in healthy adults
Hip Rotation (internal/external)
internal 35-45*
external 45-60*
ROM in healthy adults
Knee (flexion/extension)
flexion 125-145*
extension 0-10*
ROM in healthy adults
Ankle (dorsiflexion/plantarflexion)
dorsiflextion 20*
plantarflexion 45-50*
ROM in healthy adults
Subtalar (inversion/eversion)
inversion 30-35*
eversion 15-20*
