Ch 6 Rapport and Initial Investigation Flashcards
What are three factors of successful relationships?
- Empathy
- Warmth
- Sincerity
Treat others ____.
They way they want to be treated
When building rapport, what environmental factors should you consider?
- away from high traffic areas
- preferably a quiet, comfortable area
- be attentive to cleanliness and your own personal appearance
Trainers should develop a voice that is…
- firm
- confident
- professional
- warm
- compassionate
What styles of communication should trainers stick to?
- educating
- counseling
- directing
Motivational interviewing targets what and helps clients understand what?
- targets ambivalence
- helps clients understand their reasons for change, underlying assumptions, and actively participate in the process
Major contraindications that initial screening might look for include…
- presence, symptoms or family history of: CAD, pulmonary disease, metabolic disease
- surgery within the last year
- pain with common movement sequences
- pregnancy status
What is the function of PAR-Q
tool for identifying individuals who might need to take extra precautions or seek medical advice before embarking on a fitness program
What are common signs and symptoms of CAD?
- angina most commonly of the chest, neck, jaw, or arms
- dyspnea
- ankle edema
- heart palpitations or tachycardia
- known heart murmur
- dizziness or syncope
What is the risk stratification for clients with possible cardiovascular concerns per ACSM?
- low: 1 or fewer risk factors, asymptomatic
- moderate: >2 risk factors, asymptomatic (clearance for vigorous exertion)
- high: symptomatic or known diagnosis (clearance for any exertion level)
What is the scope and limitation of Informed Consent documentation?
- assumption of risk
- acknowledgement by the client of being informed that screening tests or exercise may hold risk
- not a liability waiver
What is the scope and limitation of Liability Waiver documentation?
- represents a client’s voluntary abandonment of the right to file suit in the case of injury
- does not protect against negligence suits
What topics are covered in a health history questionnaire?
- past and present exercise and physical activity
- medications and supplements
- family medical history
- recent illness or injury (incl chronic conditions or pain)
- surgery and injury history
- lifestyle information (sleep, nutrition, stress, work)
What topics are covered in an exercise history and attitudes questionnaire?
- past and present activity types and levels
- previous adherence levels with other related activities
- client preferences and attitudes toward exercise
When a medical release is obtained for a patient, what becomes true of exercise programming?
any limitations or guidelines must be followed, and any revisions to the program must also be cleared
health conditions impacting physical activity
Cardiovascular
- athersclerosis/CAD
- angina
- aryhthmia or palpitations
- hypertension (esp increases stroke risk)
health conditions impacting physical activity
Respiratory
- COPD
- history of smoking
- dyspnea
- bronchitis
- asthma
health conditions impacting physical activity
Musculoskeletal
- sprains
- strains
- overuse injuries
- herniated discs
- arthritis
- significant muscle weakness or joint laxity
- significant atrophy following surgery (up to 1yr after)
health conditions impacting physical activity
Metabolic
- diabetes
- thyroid (hyper or hypo thyroidism)
health conditions impacting physical activity
Hernia
- family history or personal experience of
- contraindication for weight lifting without clearance from physician
- clients should be instructed on proper breathing techniques and form
health conditions impacting physical activity
Pregnancy
- clients trying to become pregnant, pregnant, or within 3 months of giving birth should seek doctor approval for changing their physical activity levels
- maintenence of present fitness level is appropriate in most cases, but not increasing intensities
health conditions impacting physical activity
Illness or Infection
moderate exercise may still be acceptable during colds or other minor illnesses, but even these can significantly disrupt energy availability and recovery times
Which classes of medication are most common in affecting exercise activity?
- antihypertensives - may alter cardiac response and make monitoring exertion difficult
- diuretics - dehydration, electrolyte imbalance
- bronchodialators - increases exercise capacity in those limited by bronchospams (absence may hinder performance or present a risk)
- cold medications - drowsiness, coordination
In conducting initial physiological assessments, which factors should be considered?
- resting HR, BP
- height and weight
- joint flexibility and muscle length
- balance and core function
- cardiorespiratory fitness
- body composition
- muscular endurance and strength
- skill-related factors (if applicable)
Testing and investigation should cease immediately in the case of any of the following:
- angina pectoris
- significant (>10) drop in SBP
- excessive rise in BP (>250 SBP, or >115 DBP)
- fatigue, shortness of breath
- signs of poor perfusion
- nervous system symptoms (ataxia, dizziness, syncope, confusion)
- leg cramping
- physical or verbal manifestations of fatigue
- client asks to stop
Why do athletes have lower resting pulse rates?
increased stroke volume/heart efficiency
What are the average RHRs for men and women?
- 60-70 males
- 72-80 females
higher values in female RHR due to lower blood volume and hemoglobin levels, smaller heart chambers
What ranges of RHR are considered abnormal?
- > 100bpm tachycardia
- < 60bpm sinus bradycardia
