Ch. 7 Energy and Enzymes

Question 1

First law of thermodynamics

Answer 1

States that energy can neither be created nor destroyed, only converted from one form to another.

Question 2

Kinetic Energy

Answer 2

Energy of motion

Question 3

Potential energy

Answer 3

Any type of stored energy

Question 4

Second law of thermodynamics

Answer 4

Describes how energy use or transformation in any system affects the rest of the universe. This law states that the natural tendency of the universe is to become less organized, more disorderly.

Question 5

The law of thermodynamics

Answer 5

Govern chemical reactions

Question 6

Metabolism

Answer 6

Refers to all the chemical reactions within a living cell that capture, store, or use energy.

Question 7

Biosynthetic-anabolic

Answer 7

Metabolic reactions that create complex molecules out of smaller compounds

Question 8

Catabolic reactions

Answer 8

Those that break down complex molecules to release energy

Question 9

Oxidation

Answer 9

The loss of electrons from the molecule, Atom, or iron.

Question 10

Reduction

Answer 10

The opposite of Oxidation, the gain of electrons by molecule, atom, or iron.

Question 11

Catabolic

Answer 11

Energy releasing

Question 12

Anabolic

Answer 12

Energy consuming

Question 13

Coupled reactions

Answer 13

Paired reactions in which one provides the energy to make the other happen

Question 14

Activation energy

Answer 14

The minimum energy input that will allow atoms or molecules to overcome the energy barrier, thereby allowing them to react

Question 15

A + B

Answer 15

Reactants

Question 16

C + D

Answer 16

Products

Question 17

Most chemical reactions must overcome the _____ to start

Answer 17

Energy barrier

Question 18

Enzymes bind to specific substrates

Answer 18

1. substrates bind to the active site.
2. Enzyme facilitates the reaction.
3. Product is released.
4. The enzyme is not permanently changed by the reaction and can be recycled.

Question 19

The specific reactants that bind to a particular Enzyme

Answer 19

Substrates

Question 20

H2O + CO2 ——> HCO3- + H+

Answer 20

Carbonic Anhydrase

Question 21

What happens to the enzyme as the substrates lock into the active site?

Answer 21

The enzyme changes shape

Question 22

A model of substrate-enzyme interaction stating that a substrate enters the active site, the parts of the enzyme shift about slightly to allow the active site to mold itself around the substrate.

Answer 22

Induced fit model

Question 23

Enzymes are involved in catalyzing steps in a sequence of chemical reactions known as a

Answer 23

Metabolic pathway

Question 24

A substance that speeds up a specific chemical reaction without being permanently altered in the process.

Ex : Enzymes, which are usually proteins, are an example of biological catalysts

Answer 24

Catalyst

Question 25

Highly reactive chemicals that damage critical cellular components, such as DNA and lipids, by oxidizing them.

Answer 25

Free radicals

Question 26

Control the rates of specific chemical reactions in the body, so altering enzyme activity can have profound effects.

Answer 26

Enzymes

Question 27

Lead to greater production of free radicals, chemically reactive by-products that can damage cells and shorten lifespan

Answer 27

Higher metabolic rates

Question 28

A class of organic molecules that serve as energy carriers and as the chemical building blocks of nucleic acids DNA and RNA

Answer 28

Nucleotide