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Ch 7-12 Human Development > Ch 7: Early Childhood Physical and Cognitive Development > Flashcards

Ch 7: Early Childhood Physical and Cognitive Development Flashcards

1
Q

who is referred to Early childhood

A

2-6 years

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2
Q

boys vs girls height and weight

A

boys are slightly taller and bigger than girls

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3
Q

brain development

A

-2 years old brain is 75% of total wight
-5 years old brain is 90% of adult weight

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4
Q

what increases brain size

A

myelination of nerve fibres

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5
Q

linking the cerebellum to the cerebral cortex helps in what way

A

development with fine motor skills, balance and coordination

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6
Q

from age 4-7 the nerves have been more myelinated what does this mean for development?

A

brain can be involved in the ability to sustain attention and screen out distractions

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7
Q

what hemisphere dominant is right handed people

A

left hemisphere

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8
Q

right hemisphere functions

A

visual-spatial functions, aesthetic and emotional response

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9
Q

plasticity if the brain

A

brains ability to compensate for injuries to particular parts of the brain

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10
Q

left hemisphere function

A

more involved in intellect, logical analysis, problem-solving language and computation.

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11
Q

when is plasticity greatest

A

1-2 years of age it is lessened as adulthood comes

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12
Q

what contributes to the brains plasticity

A

sprouting: growth of new dendrites

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13
Q

Gross Motor Skills

A

involve large muscles used in locomotion, like balancing on one foot, walk up stairs

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14
Q

what is crucial to positive life-long cognitive development

A

motor development

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15
Q

preschoolers should spend how many hours a week in large- muscles activity

A

25hours+

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16
Q

when does motor activity level decline

A

2 to 3 years of age, they are less restless can sit longer

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17
Q

when is there a increases in focused attention

A

2-4 years

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18
Q

what is Rough and tumble play

A

running, chasing, fleeing, wrestling, hitting, laughing

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19
Q

does rough and tumble play helps develop physical and social skills?

A

yes

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20
Q

more active parents have ________ children

A

active (because they are role models, share activites)

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21
Q

does fine motor skills develop more slowly or faster then gross motor skills?

A

slower

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22
Q

fine motor skills involve

A

small muscles used in manipulation and coordination

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23
Q

what age can children learn to scribble

A

age 2

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24
Q

Major illnesses

A

rubella, measles, tetanus, mumps, whooping cough, diphtheria, polio

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25
Q

number one cause of death of pre-school-aged children is?

A

cancer

26
Q

how much sleep do toddlers need

A

12-14 hours

27
Q

sleep terrors

A

more severe than nightmares. occur during deep sleep, can wake suddenly with a surge in heart and respiration rates, talk incoherently; trashing out and then fall back to sleep.

28
Q

what does sleep terrors cause

A

insomnia and a fear of going to sleep

29
Q

sleepwalking

A

occurs during deep sleep

30
Q

when are children toilet trained

A

2-3 years

31
Q

enuresis

A

failure to control the bladder

32
Q

Bed-wetting

A

nighttime “accident”

33
Q

Encopresis

A

lack of control over the bowels

34
Q

what does encopresis stem from

A

physical causes such as chronic constipation

35
Q

Jean Piaget’s Preoperational stage

A

from ages 2-7
-uses symbols to represent objects
-drawings are symbols
-pretend play

36
Q

what requires cognitive sophistication

A

symbolic or pretend play

37
Q

what % of pre-schoolers have imaginary friends?

A

65%

38
Q

what is shown with children with imaginary friends

A

less aggressive, more cooperative, and creative than children without imaginary friends, more advanced in language development

39
Q

three mountains test - (Piaget’s )

A

to learn whether children at certain ages are egocentric

40
Q

precausal

A

the children’s reasons are likely to be based egocentrically and not on science

41
Q

Transductive reasoning

A

children reason by going from one specific isolated event to another

42
Q

Animism

A

children attribute life and intentions to inanimate objects

43
Q

Artificialism

A

children assume environmental factors such as rain and thunder have been designed and made by people

44
Q

conservation

A

law that holds that properties of substances such as volumes

45
Q

class inclusion

A

including new objects or categories into broader classes so we can associate into our brains

46
Q

Scaffolding

A

temporary support provided by a parent or teacher to learning children

47
Q

Zone of Proximal development

A

Gap between what children are capable of doing now and what they could do with help from others

48
Q

Theory of mind

A

knowing the differenced between actual and mental events and between how things appear and how they really are

49
Q

can gain knowledge by looking at what age

A

3 year old’s

50
Q

what age can have the ability to identify sources of their knowledge

A

4-5

51
Q

The Appearance-Reality Distinction

A

children have to learn the difference between real events versus mental ones. like 7 to 8 years of age they develop this.

52
Q

when can children remember events from 1.5 years ago

A

age 4

53
Q

Autobiographical memory

A

memory of specific events is facilitated by children

54
Q

factors that impact memory

A

interest level, cues/ reminders on memorys, pictures

55
Q

Rehearsal

A

memory strategy using repetition; begins at 5 years of age

56
Q

how many words do preschoolers learn per day

A

9 words

57
Q

fats-mapping

A

process where a child quickly attaches a new word to it appropriate concept

58
Q

pragmatics

A

practical application of language
they demonstart this when tehy adjust sppech to fit

59
Q

Vygotsky

A

vocalizations and thoughts are separate during the first year, and second year they combine and children understand labels

60
Q

inner speech

A

spoken aloud thoughts are internalized by age 6-7; linked to planning and self-regulation

Ch 7-12 Human Development (6 decks)

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