Ch 7 (Crisis Prevention & Intervention)

Question 1

Crisis

Answer 1

An event outside the range of normal human experience which would be markedly distressing to anyone (expected and unexpected). Crisis in counseling refers to the EFFECT the event has on someone

Question 2

What are the 3 key components of a crisis?

Answer 2

1. Precipitating event
2. Event leads to subjective distress
3. Distress leads to diminished functioning due to the breakdown of customary coping mechanisms

Question 3

Crisis theory arose from what event?

Answer 3

Cocoanut Grove Nightclub fire (1942). This led to the refining of grief counseling and the recognition of PTSD

Question 4

What are some desired outcomes of crisis counseling?

Answer 4

• increased emotional & cognitive & coping

- increased confidence, self-efficacy & problem solving

Question 5

Psychological First Aid

Answer 5

1. Decrease post-trauma distress, support short and long-term adapting
2. immediate intervention is critical to long-term favorable outcomes

Question 6

Family Systems ABC-X Model of Crisis Intervention

Answer 6

A= activating event
B = family's resources
C = meaning of event
X = disequilibrium in family experiences 

Addresses accumulated unresolved issues and stressors in family

Question 7

Bonadaption

Answer 7

Positive enhancing growth and changes gained by dealing effectively with stressors and crisis events

Question 8

Stress vs Crisis

Answer 8

Stress is continuous, whereas crisis is binary. Both have similar physiological responses

Question 9

Eustress vs Distress

Answer 9

Eustress is positive stress that leads to beneficial change, distress is negative stress that leads to a breakdown in resources/coping

Question 10

PTSD is characterized by:

Answer 10

Hyperarousal, intrusive thoughts/memories, avoidance, negative mood alterations

Question 11

Coping

Answer 11

Actions used to deal with stress (action, avoidance, emotion management, & altering thoughts & beliefs)

Question 12

Post-Traumatic Growth

Answer 12

Positive changes from struggles with major life crises. Increased hope, resilience, hardiness & self-efficacy

Question 13

Interpersonal components mitigating the effects of crises

Answer 13

Hope, resilience, hardiness & self-efficacy

Question 14

Professional Burnout

Answer 14

• Physical, emotional, psychological & spiritual exhaustion
• Depersonalization, reduced passion/involvement in profession.
• Feeling low personal accomplishment in job

Question 15

Compassion Fatigue

Answer 15

Emotional & physical fatigue from constant use of empathy (similar to Secondary Traumatic Stress)
-Prolonged compassion fatigue results in detachment from clients/decreased empathic ability

Question 16

Secondary Traumatic Stress

Answer 16

-Physical or emotional stress/retraumatization. More often experienced by client’s friends & relatives. -Often manifest as PTSD SYMPTOMS, but caused by INDIRECT exposure to the trauma.

Question 17

Vicarious Traumatization

Answer 17

-A COGNITIVE PROCESSING CHANGE after direct & chronic exposure to trauma populations which alters perceptions, beliefs & cognitions about trust, safety & control.

Question 18

3 desired results of Crisis Counseling

Answer 18

1. Return to normalcy after stabilization
2. Attain better-tan-before state of functioning (crisis resulted in a positive change)
3. Transcrisis entry

Question 19

Transcrisis

Answer 19

Settling into the residual state of crisis; long-term and lingering effects of crisis that diminish in strength over time

Question 20

Impairment

Answer 20

Significant negative impact on counselor’s functioning. Self-care is key!

Question 21

Goals of Crisis Counseling

Answer 21

• Safety & stability
• Connection with resources & supports.
• Restore client’s empowerment & mastery

Question 22

In suicide & homicide risk assessment, use of ____ assessment methods is ideal

Answer 22

Multiple (triangulate data)

Question 23

Suicide risk assessments require:

Answer 23

1. Intent
2. Plan
3. Means
4. Lethality
5. Protective factors
6. Get commitment with client not to do it
7. DOCUMENT

Question 24

Acute vs chronic risk

Answer 24

Acute = strong probability of attempt within 24 hrs, chronic is long term and not immediately present

Question 25

Suicide risk factors

Answer 25

• history of mental illness
• previous attempts
• substance abuse
• recent loss

Question 26

Homicide risk factors

Answer 26

• mental illness
• family violence
• job instability
• poverty

Question 27

Cycle of Intimate Partner Violence

Answer 27

1. Tension building
2. Acute battering incident
3. Honeymoon phase

Question 28

IS PATH WARM

Answer 28

Ideation, Substance use, Purposelessness, Anger, Trapped, Hopelessness, Withdrawal, Anxiety, Recklessness, Mood changes