Ch 7 (Crisis Prevention & Intervention) Flashcards
Crisis
An event outside the range of normal human experience which would be markedly distressing to anyone (expected and unexpected). Crisis in counseling refers to the EFFECT the event has on someone
What are the 3 key components of a crisis?
- Precipitating event
- Event leads to subjective distress
- Distress leads to diminished functioning due to the breakdown of customary coping mechanisms
Crisis theory arose from what event?
Cocoanut Grove Nightclub fire (1942). This led to the refining of grief counseling and the recognition of PTSD
What are some desired outcomes of crisis counseling?
- increased emotional & cognitive & coping
- increased confidence, self-efficacy & problem solving
Psychological First Aid
- Decrease post-trauma distress, support short and long-term adapting
- immediate intervention is critical to long-term favorable outcomes
Family Systems ABC-X Model of Crisis Intervention
A= activating event B = family's resources C = meaning of event X = disequilibrium in family experiences
Addresses accumulated unresolved issues and stressors in family
Bonadaption
Positive enhancing growth and changes gained by dealing effectively with stressors and crisis events
Stress vs Crisis
Stress is continuous, whereas crisis is binary. Both have similar physiological responses
Eustress vs Distress
Eustress is positive stress that leads to beneficial change, distress is negative stress that leads to a breakdown in resources/coping
PTSD is characterized by:
Hyperarousal, intrusive thoughts/memories, avoidance, negative mood alterations
Coping
Actions used to deal with stress (action, avoidance, emotion management, & altering thoughts & beliefs)
Post-Traumatic Growth
Positive changes from struggles with major life crises. Increased hope, resilience, hardiness & self-efficacy
Interpersonal components mitigating the effects of crises
Hope, resilience, hardiness & self-efficacy
Professional Burnout
- Physical, emotional, psychological & spiritual exhaustion
- Depersonalization, reduced passion/involvement in profession.
- Feeling low personal accomplishment in job
Compassion Fatigue
Emotional & physical fatigue from constant use of empathy (similar to Secondary Traumatic Stress)
-Prolonged compassion fatigue results in detachment from clients/decreased empathic ability
Secondary Traumatic Stress
-Physical or emotional stress/retraumatization. More often experienced by client’s friends & relatives. -Often manifest as PTSD SYMPTOMS, but caused by INDIRECT exposure to the trauma.
Vicarious Traumatization
-A COGNITIVE PROCESSING CHANGE after direct & chronic exposure to trauma populations which alters perceptions, beliefs & cognitions about trust, safety & control.
3 desired results of Crisis Counseling
- Return to normalcy after stabilization
- Attain better-tan-before state of functioning (crisis resulted in a positive change)
- Transcrisis entry
Transcrisis
Settling into the residual state of crisis; long-term and lingering effects of crisis that diminish in strength over time
Impairment
Significant negative impact on counselor’s functioning. Self-care is key!
Goals of Crisis Counseling
- Safety & stability
- Connection with resources & supports.
- Restore client’s empowerment & mastery
In suicide & homicide risk assessment, use of ____ assessment methods is ideal
Multiple (triangulate data)
Suicide risk assessments require:
- Intent
- Plan
- Means
- Lethality
- Protective factors
- Get commitment with client not to do it
- DOCUMENT
Acute vs chronic risk
Acute = strong probability of attempt within 24 hrs, chronic is long term and not immediately present
Suicide risk factors
- history of mental illness
- previous attempts
- substance abuse
- recent loss
Homicide risk factors
- mental illness
- family violence
- job instability
- poverty
Cycle of Intimate Partner Violence
- Tension building
- Acute battering incident
- Honeymoon phase
IS PATH WARM
Ideation, Substance use, Purposelessness, Anger, Trapped, Hopelessness, Withdrawal, Anxiety, Recklessness, Mood changes
