Ch 10 (Human Development) Flashcards
Human development is :
lifelong, multi directional, multidimensional, multidisciplinary, plastic & contextual
Erikson’s Prosocial Development Stages
- Infancy: Trust vs Mistrust
- Toddler: Autonomy vs Guilt/Shame
- Pre-School: Social Connection vs. Isolation
- School Age: Industry vs Inferiority
- Adolescence: Identity vs Role Confusion
- Young Adulthood: Intimacy vs Isolation
- Middle Adulthood: Generativity vs Stagnation
- Older Adult: Integrity vs Despair
Piaget’s Cognitive-Developmental Theory
- Infancy: Sensorimotor (trial & error, minimal mental representation)
- Early Childhood: Preoperational (make believe)
- Early Adolescence: Concrete Operational (logical)
- Adolescence/Adulthood: Formal Operational (abstract)
Infancy & Toddlerhood
- Physical: gross and fine motor, locomotion
- Emotional: differentiation, start to verbalize feelings, tantrums if autonomy is thwarted
- Cognitive: beginning language development
Early Childhood
- Social: more co-operative, more structured/realistic play, same-gender play
- Emotional: talk about feelings & incorporate into play (but prefer action over verbal expression), literal & overt
- Cognitive: mental representation, more flexible, egocentric, recall past/envision future, RAPID language development, assimilation to accomodation
- Interventions: identify feelings, facilitate sharing
Middle Childhood
- Social: prosocial behavior, enhanced perspective taking, other-acceptance is important
- Emotional: understand conflicting emotions, happiness related to peer acceptance & goal achievement
- Cognitive: logical operations, flexible & rational thinking, better problem solving
- Interventions: identify feeling intensity, examples of good and bad friend behavior
Early Adolescence
-Social: peers are dominant, intimate friendships
-Emotional: high emotionality, rapid mood fluctuations, self-conscious & critical
Cognitive: abstract & hypothetical, problem solving
-Interventions: mood management, perceptions
Midadolescence
- Social: less dependent on peers, less conformity
- Emotional: more stable and complex
- Cognitive: advanced reasoning, flexible and problem solving, inconsistent in thinking & behaving
- Interventions: stopping assumptions, future decision-making
Late Adolescence/Emerging Adulthood
-Social: high autonomy, still need belonging and close personal relationships
-Cognitive: interpretation & understanding subtleties, dialectical thinking (not always clear), achieving
Self-Development: question childhood values/beliefs, clarify orientation and identity
-Interventions: pros/cons list, belief/values clarification
Early Adulthood
- Social: role (worker, partner, parent)
- Interventions: navigating changes, determing values & goals
Middle Adulthood
- Social: Life structure reassessment (roles, goals)
- Physical changes: hormonal & superficial
- Cognitive: verbal ability peaks
- Interventions: evaluate what’s going well vs desired changes
Late Adulthood
- Personal: search for meaning, accept life, achieve satisfaction
- Physical changes: less sensory & physical abilities
- Cognitive: less processing speed, less memory
- Interventions: goal ranking, coping with loss