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MED TERM > CH 7 > Flashcards

CH 7 Flashcards

1
Q

arterioles

A

small artery

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2
Q

Bowman capsule

A

part of the nephron that forms a cup-like sack surrounding the glomerulus

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3
Q

calyces/calices

A

cup or case surrounding a flower bud

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4
Q

calyx/calix

A

cup-like collecting region of the renal pelvis

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5
Q

catheter

A

tube for injecting or removing fluids

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6
Q

cortex

A

outer region of an organ

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7
Q

creatinine

A

nitrogenous waste excreted in urine; product of muscle metabolism

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8
Q

electrolytes

A

chemical element that carries an electrical charge when dissolved in water. necessary for functioning of muscles and nerves

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9
Q

erythropoietin (EPO)

A

hormone secreted by the kidney to stimulate the production of red blood cells

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10
Q

filtration

A

process whereby some substances, but not all, pass through a filter

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11
Q

glomerulus

A

tiny ball of capillaries in the kidney

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12
Q

hilum

A

depression in the kidney where blood vessels

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13
Q

kidney

A

one of two bean-shaped organs on either side of te backbone in the lumbar region. it filters nitrogenous wastes from the bloodstreams to form urine

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14
Q

meatus

A

opening or canal

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15
Q

medulla

A

inner region of an organ.

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16
Q

micturition

A

urination, void, pee

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17
Q

nephron

A

functional unit of the kidney.

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18
Q

nitrogenous waste

A

substance containing nitrogen and excreted in urine

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19
Q

potassium (K+)

A

electrolyte regulated by the kidney so that a proper concentration is maintained within the blood. Potassium is essential for allowing muscle contraction and conduction of nervous impulses

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20
Q

reabsorption

A

process whereby renal tubules return materials necessary to the body back into the bloodstream

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21
Q

renal artery

A

blood vessel that carries blood to the kidney

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22
Q

renal pelvis

A

central collecting region in the kidney

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23
Q

renal tubule

A

microscopic tube in the kidney where urine is formed after filtration

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24
Q

renal vein

A

blood vessel that carries blood away from the kidney and toward the heart

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25
Q

renin

A

enzyme secreted by the kidney. it raises blood pressure by influencing vasoconstriction (narrowing of blood vessels)

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26
Q

secretion

A

The substance produced by a cell or organ

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27
Q

sodium (Na+)

A

electrolyte regulated in the blood and urine by the kidneys

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28
Q

trigone

A

triangular area in the urinary bladder

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29
Q

urea

A

major nitrogenous waste excreted in urine

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30
Q

ureter

A

one of the two tubes leading from the kidneys to the urinary bladder

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31
Q

urethra

A

tube leading from the urinary bladder to the outside of the body

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32
Q

uric acid

A

nitrogenous waste excreted in the urine

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33
Q

urinary bladder

A

hollow, muscular sac that holds and stores urine

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34
Q

urine

A

voiding, waste

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35
Q

urination

A

process of expelling urine; also called micturition

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36
Q

voiding

A

process of expelling urine; also called micturition

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37
Q

cali/o

A

calyx; cup-shaped

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38
Q

calic/o

A

calyx; cup-shaped

39
Q

cyst/o

A

urinary bladder

40
Q

glomerul/o

A

glomerulus

41
Q

meat/o

A

meatus

42
Q

nephr/o

A

kidney

43
Q

pyel/o

A

renal pelvis

44
Q

ren/o

A

kidney

45
Q

trigon/o

A

trigone (region of the bladder)

46
Q

ureter/o

A

ureter

47
Q

urethr/o

A

urethra

48
Q

vesic/o

A

urinary bladder

49
Q

ablumin/o

A

albumin

50
Q

azot/o

A

nitrogen

51
Q

bacteri/o

A

bacteria

52
Q

dips/o

A

thirst

53
Q

ket/o keton/o

A

ketone bodies

54
Q

lith/o

A

stone

55
Q

noct/i

A

night

56
Q

olgi/o

A

scanty

57
Q

-poietin

A

substance that forms

58
Q

py/o

A

pus

59
Q

-tripsy

A

crushing

60
Q

ur/o

A

urine (Urea)

61
Q

urin/o

A

urine

62
Q

-uria

A

urination; urin condition

63
Q

bladder cancer

A

malignant tumor of the urinary bladder

64
Q

diabetes insipidus

A

antidiuretic hormone (ADH) is not secreted, or there is a resistance of the kidney to ADH

65
Q

diabetes mellitus

A

insulin is not secreted adequately or tissues are resistant to its effects

66
Q

glomerulonephritis

A

inflammation of the glomeruli within the kidney

67
Q

interstitial nephritis

A

inflammation of connective tissue that lies between the renal tubules

68
Q

nephrolithiasis

A

kidney stones (renal calculi)

69
Q

nephrotic syndrome

A

group of clinical signs and symptoms caused by excessive protein loss in urine

70
Q

polycystic kidneys

A

multiple fluid-filled sacs (cyst) within and on the kidney

71
Q

pyelonephritis

A

inflammation of the lining of the renal pelvis and renal parenchyma

72
Q

renal cell carcinoma (hypernephroma)

A

cancerous tumor of the kidney in adulthood

73
Q

renal failure

A

decrease in excretion of wastes results from impaired filtration function

74
Q

renal hypertension

A

high blood pressure resulting form kidney disease

75
Q

Wilms tumor

A

malignant tumor of the kidney occurring in childhood

76
Q

blood urea nitrogen (BUN)

A

measurement of urea levels in blood

77
Q

creatinine clearance test

A

measurement of the rate at which creatinine is cleared from the blood by the kidney

78
Q

CT scan

A

x-ray images obtained using computed tomography show multiple cross-sectional and other views of the kidney

79
Q

cytoscopy

A

direct visualization of the urethra and urinary bladder with an endoscope

80
Q

dialysis

A

process of separating nitrogenous waste materials from the blood

81
Q

extracorporeal shock wave lithotripsy (ESWL)

A

procedure to break up stones inside the urinary tract, bile ducts or pancreatic duct with a series of shock waves

82
Q

Intravenous pyelogram (IVP)

A

an imaging test used to look at the kidneys and ureters

83
Q

Kidneys ureters and bladder (KUB)

A

x-ray examination (withOUT contrast) of the kidneys ureters and bladder

84
Q

magnetic resonance imagine urography

A

changing magnetic field produces images of the kidney and surrounding structures in three planes of the body

85
Q

radioisotope scan

A

image of the kidney obtained after injecting a radioactive substance into the bloodstream

86
Q

renal angiography

A

x-ray examination (WITH contrast) of the blood vessels of the kidney

87
Q

renal angioplasty

A

dilation of narrowed areas in renal arteries

88
Q

renal biopsy

A

removal of kidney tissue for microscopic examination

89
Q

renal transplantation

A

surgical transfer of a kidney from a donor to a recipient

90
Q

retrograde pyelogram (RP)

A

x-ray image of the renal pelvis and ureters after injection of contrast through a urinary catheter into the ureters from the bladder

91
Q

ultrasonography

A

imaging of urinary tract structures using high-frequency sound waves

92
Q

urinary catheterization

A

passage of a flexible, tubular instrument through the urethra into the urinary bladder

93
Q

voiding cystourethrogram (VCUG)

A

x-ray image (WITH contrast) of the urinary bladder and urethra obtained while the patient is voiding.

MED TERM (8 decks)

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