CH 7 Flashcards
arterioles
small artery
Bowman capsule
part of the nephron that forms a cup-like sack surrounding the glomerulus
calyces/calices
cup or case surrounding a flower bud
calyx/calix
cup-like collecting region of the renal pelvis
catheter
tube for injecting or removing fluids
cortex
outer region of an organ
creatinine
nitrogenous waste excreted in urine; product of muscle metabolism
electrolytes
chemical element that carries an electrical charge when dissolved in water. necessary for functioning of muscles and nerves
erythropoietin (EPO)
hormone secreted by the kidney to stimulate the production of red blood cells
filtration
process whereby some substances, but not all, pass through a filter
glomerulus
tiny ball of capillaries in the kidney
hilum
depression in the kidney where blood vessels
kidney
one of two bean-shaped organs on either side of te backbone in the lumbar region. it filters nitrogenous wastes from the bloodstreams to form urine
meatus
opening or canal
medulla
inner region of an organ.
micturition
urination, void, pee
nephron
functional unit of the kidney.
nitrogenous waste
substance containing nitrogen and excreted in urine
potassium (K+)
electrolyte regulated by the kidney so that a proper concentration is maintained within the blood. Potassium is essential for allowing muscle contraction and conduction of nervous impulses
reabsorption
process whereby renal tubules return materials necessary to the body back into the bloodstream
renal artery
blood vessel that carries blood to the kidney
renal pelvis
central collecting region in the kidney
renal tubule
microscopic tube in the kidney where urine is formed after filtration
renal vein
blood vessel that carries blood away from the kidney and toward the heart
renin
enzyme secreted by the kidney. it raises blood pressure by influencing vasoconstriction (narrowing of blood vessels)
secretion
The substance produced by a cell or organ
sodium (Na+)
electrolyte regulated in the blood and urine by the kidneys
trigone
triangular area in the urinary bladder
urea
major nitrogenous waste excreted in urine
ureter
one of the two tubes leading from the kidneys to the urinary bladder
urethra
tube leading from the urinary bladder to the outside of the body
uric acid
nitrogenous waste excreted in the urine
urinary bladder
hollow, muscular sac that holds and stores urine
urine
voiding, waste
urination
process of expelling urine; also called micturition
voiding
process of expelling urine; also called micturition
cali/o
calyx; cup-shaped
calic/o
calyx; cup-shaped
cyst/o
urinary bladder
glomerul/o
glomerulus
meat/o
meatus
nephr/o
kidney
pyel/o
renal pelvis
ren/o
kidney
trigon/o
trigone (region of the bladder)
ureter/o
ureter
urethr/o
urethra
vesic/o
urinary bladder
ablumin/o
albumin
azot/o
nitrogen
bacteri/o
bacteria
dips/o
thirst
ket/o keton/o
ketone bodies
lith/o
stone
noct/i
night
olgi/o
scanty
-poietin
substance that forms
py/o
pus
-tripsy
crushing
ur/o
urine (Urea)
urin/o
urine
-uria
urination; urin condition
bladder cancer
malignant tumor of the urinary bladder
diabetes insipidus
antidiuretic hormone (ADH) is not secreted, or there is a resistance of the kidney to ADH
diabetes mellitus
insulin is not secreted adequately or tissues are resistant to its effects
glomerulonephritis
inflammation of the glomeruli within the kidney
interstitial nephritis
inflammation of connective tissue that lies between the renal tubules
nephrolithiasis
kidney stones (renal calculi)
nephrotic syndrome
group of clinical signs and symptoms caused by excessive protein loss in urine
polycystic kidneys
multiple fluid-filled sacs (cyst) within and on the kidney
pyelonephritis
inflammation of the lining of the renal pelvis and renal parenchyma
renal cell carcinoma (hypernephroma)
cancerous tumor of the kidney in adulthood
renal failure
decrease in excretion of wastes results from impaired filtration function
renal hypertension
high blood pressure resulting form kidney disease
Wilms tumor
malignant tumor of the kidney occurring in childhood
blood urea nitrogen (BUN)
measurement of urea levels in blood
creatinine clearance test
measurement of the rate at which creatinine is cleared from the blood by the kidney
CT scan
x-ray images obtained using computed tomography show multiple cross-sectional and other views of the kidney
cytoscopy
direct visualization of the urethra and urinary bladder with an endoscope
dialysis
process of separating nitrogenous waste materials from the blood
extracorporeal shock wave lithotripsy (ESWL)
procedure to break up stones inside the urinary tract, bile ducts or pancreatic duct with a series of shock waves
Intravenous pyelogram (IVP)
an imaging test used to look at the kidneys and ureters
Kidneys ureters and bladder (KUB)
x-ray examination (withOUT contrast) of the kidneys ureters and bladder
magnetic resonance imagine urography
changing magnetic field produces images of the kidney and surrounding structures in three planes of the body
radioisotope scan
image of the kidney obtained after injecting a radioactive substance into the bloodstream
renal angiography
x-ray examination (WITH contrast) of the blood vessels of the kidney
renal angioplasty
dilation of narrowed areas in renal arteries
renal biopsy
removal of kidney tissue for microscopic examination
renal transplantation
surgical transfer of a kidney from a donor to a recipient
retrograde pyelogram (RP)
x-ray image of the renal pelvis and ureters after injection of contrast through a urinary catheter into the ureters from the bladder
ultrasonography
imaging of urinary tract structures using high-frequency sound waves
urinary catheterization
passage of a flexible, tubular instrument through the urethra into the urinary bladder
voiding cystourethrogram (VCUG)
x-ray image (WITH contrast) of the urinary bladder and urethra obtained while the patient is voiding.
