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MED TERM > CH 5 + 6 > Flashcards

CH 5 + 6 Flashcards

1
Q

Absorption

A

Passage of materials through the walls of the small intestine into the bloodstream

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2
Q

Amino Acids

A

Small building blocks of proteins, released when proteins are digested

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3
Q

Digestion

A

Breakdown of complex foods to simpler forms

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4
Q

Elimination

A

Removal of indigestible materials as feces

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5
Q

Enzymes

A

Chemical that speeds up a reaction between substances

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6
Q

Fatty Acids

A

Substances produced when fats are digested

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7
Q

Gastrointestinal

A

Pertaining to the stomach and intestines

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8
Q

Glucose

A

simple sugar; necessary as a source of energy for body cells

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9
Q

Triglycerides

A

Fat molecules composed of three parts fatty acids and one part glycerol; chief form of lipids

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10
Q

Buccal

A

Pertaining to the cheek

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11
Q

Canine

A

Pointed dog-like teeth next to the incisors

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12
Q

Cheeks

A

the fleshy portion of either side of the face

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13
Q

Crown

A

the portion of the tooth that is covered by enamel

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14
Q

Cementum

A

a specialized external bony layer covering the dentin of the part of a tooth normally within the gum

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15
Q

Deglutition

A

swallowing

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16
Q

Dentin

A

primary material found in teeth; surrounding the pulp and covered by enamel of the crown

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17
Q

Distal

A

Far from the point of attachment to the trunk of the body or far from the beginning of a structure

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18
Q

Enamel

A

Hard, outermost layer of a tooth

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19
Q

Facial

A

pertaining to the face

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20
Q

Gums

A

tissue of the upper and lower jaws that surrounds the base of the teeth

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21
Q

Hard Palate

A

front, bony part of the roof of the mouth

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22
Q

Incisal

A

pertaining to the incisor

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23
Q

Incisor

A

one of the four front teeth on either jaw

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24
Q

Lips

A

the upper or lower fleshy margin of the mouth

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25
Q

Mastication

A

chewing

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26
Q

Mesial

A

pertaining to the middle

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27
Q

Molar

A

Flat teeth in the back of the mouth on either side of the dental arch

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28
Q

Occlusal

A

pertaining to grinding or biting surface of a tooth

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29
Q

Papillae

A

small elevations on the surface of the tongue; containing taste buds

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30
Q

Parotid Gland

A

salivary gland that is situated on each side of the face below and in front of the ear

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31
Q

Periodontal Membrane

A

membrane that surrounds the tooth in the tooth socket

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32
Q

Premolar

A

two teeth before molars

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33
Q

Pulp

A

soft tissue with a tooth containing nerves and blood vessels

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34
Q

Root Canal

A

a treatment to repair and save a badly damaged or infected tooth instead of removing it

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35
Q

Rugae

A

Ridges on the hard palate and the wall of the stomach

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36
Q

Saliva

A

digestive juice produced by salivary glands

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37
Q

Salivary Glands

A

three pairs of exocrine glands secreting saliva into the mouth; parotid glands, sublingual glands, and submadibular glands.

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38
Q

Soft Palate

A

the back portion is muscular

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39
Q

Submandibular Gland

A

a salivary gland inside of and near the lower edge of the mandible on each side and discharging by Wharton’s duct into the mouth under the tongue

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40
Q

Tongue

A

A freely movable muscular organ that lies partly in the floor of the mouth and partly in the pharynx

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41
Q

Tonsils

A

masses of lymphatic tissue in the back of the oropharynx

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42
Q

Uvula

A

soft tissue hanging from the middle of the soft palate, at the back of the mouth.

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43
Q

Esophagus

A

tube that carries food from the pharynx to the stomach

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44
Q

Pharynx

A

throat

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45
Q

Throat

A

pharynx

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46
Q

Bolus

A

is a ball-like mixture of food and saliva that forms in the mouth during the process of chewing

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47
Q

Peristalsis

A

rhythmic contractions of the tubes of the gastrointestinal tract and other tubular structures

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48
Q

Stomach

A

muscular organ that receives food from the esophagus; composed of three main parts: fundus, body, and antrum

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49
Q

Antrum

A

Lower portion of stomach

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50
Q

Body

A

middle section of stomach

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51
Q

Fundus

A

upper portion of stomach

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52
Q

Hydrochloric Acid

A

substance produced in the stomach; aids digestion

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53
Q

Lower Esophageal Sphincter (Cardiac Sphincter)

A

ring of muscles between the esophagus and the stomach

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54
Q

Pepsin

A

a stomach enzyme that serves to digest proteins found in ingested food

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55
Q

Pyloric Sphincter

A

ring of muscles that surrounds the opening of the stomach to the duodenum

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56
Q

Rugae

A

Ridges on the hard palate and the wall of the tsomach

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57
Q

Sphincters

A

circular ring of muscle that constricts a passage or closes a natural opening

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58
Q

Bile

A

digestive juice made in the liver and stored in the gallbladder

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59
Q

Duodenum

A

first part of the small intestine

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60
Q

Gallbladder

A

small sac under the liver; stores bile

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61
Q

Ileum

A

third part of the small intestine

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62
Q

Jejunum

A

second part of the small intestine

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63
Q

Liver

A

large reddish-brown organ in the right upper quadrant of the abdomen

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64
Q

Pancreas

A

gland located under and behind the stomach

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65
Q

Small intestine (Small Bowel)

A

the part of the intestine that lies between the stomach and colon, consists of duodenum, jejunum, and ileum, secretes digestive enzymes, and is the chief site of the absorption of digested nutrients

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66
Q

Villi

A

microscopic projections in the wall. of the small intestine that absorb nutrients into the blood stream

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67
Q

Anus

A

opening of the rectum to the outside of the body

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68
Q

Appendix

A

small tube-like organ connected to the beginning of the large intestine (cecum. located in the RLQ of the abdomen

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69
Q

Ascending Colon

A

the part of the large intestine that extends from the cecum to the bend on the right side below the liver

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70
Q

Cecum

A

first part of the large intestine (colon)

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71
Q

Colon

A

large intestine

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72
Q

Defecation

A

eliminating of waste and undigested foods through the anus

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73
Q

Descending Colon

A

the part of the large intestine on the left side that extends from the bend below the spleen to the sigmoid colon

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74
Q

Feces

A

solid waste; stool

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75
Q

Rectum

A

last section of the large intestine

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76
Q

Sigmoid Colon

A

lower s-shaped section of the colon, just before the rectum

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77
Q

Transverse Colon

A

the part of the large intestine that extends across the abdominal cavity joining the ascending colon to the descending colon

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78
Q

Amylase

A

enzyme that digests starches into simpler substances such as sugar

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79
Q

Bilirubin

A

orange-yellow pigment found in bile. released from the breakdown of hemoglobin when red blood cells die

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80
Q

Common Bile Duct

A

tube carrying bile from the liver and gallbladder into the duodenum

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81
Q

Cystic Duct

A

A tube that carries bile from the gall bladder

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82
Q

Emulsification

A

breakdown of large fat globules into smaller, digestible particles

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83
Q

Glycogen

A

storage form of glucose (sugar); produces glucose when it is broken down in liver cells

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84
Q

Glycogenolysis

A

breakdown of glycogen to release sugar

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85
Q

Gluconeogenesis

A

process of producing the new sugar from fats and proteins; occurs mainly in the liver

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86
Q

Glucose

A

sugar

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87
Q

Hepatic Duct

A

a duct conveying the bile away from the liver and in many vertebrates including humans uniting with the cystic duct to form the common bile duct

88
Q

Insulin

A

hormone secreted by the endocrine cells of the pancreas. transports sugar from the blood into cells

89
Q

Jaundice (Hyperbilirubinemia)

A

yellow-orange coloration of the skin and whites of the eyes caused by high levels of bilirubin in the blood

90
Q

Lipase

A

pancreatic enzyme necessary to digest fats

91
Q

Pancreatic Duct

A

a duct leading from the pancreas and opening into the duodenum

92
Q

Portal Vein

A

large vein bringing blood to the liver from the intestines

93
Q

Protease

A

enzyme that digest protein

94
Q

An/o

A

anus

95
Q

Append/o

A

appendix

96
Q

Appendic/o

A

appendix

97
Q

Bucc/o

A

cheek

98
Q

Cec/o

A

cecum

99
Q

Celi/o

A

belly, abdomen

100
Q

Cheil/o

A

lips

101
Q

Cholecyst/o

A

gallbladder

102
Q

Choledoch/o

A

common bile duct

103
Q

Col/o

A

colon

104
Q

Colon/o

A

colon

105
Q

Dent/i

A

tooth

106
Q

Duoden/o

A

duodenum

107
Q

Enter/o

A

intestines

108
Q

Esophag/o

A

esophagus

109
Q

Faci/o

A

face

110
Q

Gastr/o

A

stomach

111
Q

Gingiv/o

A

gums

112
Q

Gloss/o

A

tongue

113
Q

Hepat/o

A

liver

114
Q

Ile/o

A

ileum

115
Q

Labi/o

A

lip

116
Q

Lapar/o

A

abdomen

117
Q

Jenjun/o

A

jejunum

118
Q

Lingu/o

A

tongue

119
Q

Mandibul/o

A

lower jaw

120
Q

Odont/o

A

tooth

121
Q

Or/o

A

mouth

122
Q

Palat/o

A

palate

123
Q

Pancreat/o

A

pancreas

124
Q

Peritone/o

A

peritoneum

125
Q

Pharyng/o

A

throat

126
Q

Proct/o

A

anus and rectum

127
Q

Pylor/o

A

pyloric sphincter

128
Q

Rect/o

A

rectum

129
Q

Sialaden/o

A

salivary gland

130
Q

Sigmoid/o

A

sigmoid colon

131
Q

Stomat/o

A

mouth

132
Q

Amyl/o

A

starch

133
Q

Bil/i

A

gall, bile

134
Q

Bilirubin/o

A

biliruibin

135
Q

Chol/e

A

gall, bile

136
Q

Chlorhydr/o

A

hydrochloric acid

137
Q

Gluc/o

A

sugar

138
Q

Glyc/o

A

sugar

139
Q

Glycogen/o

A

glycogen, animal starch

140
Q

Lip/o

A

fat, lipid

141
Q

Lith/o

A

stone

142
Q

Protec/o

A

protein

143
Q

Sial/o

A

saliva, salivary

144
Q

Steat/o

A

fat

145
Q

-ase

A

enzyme

146
Q

-chezia

A

defecation, elimination. of waste

147
Q

-iasis

A

abnormal condition

148
Q

-prandial

A

meal

149
Q

Anorexia

A

lack of appetite

150
Q

Ascites

A

abnormal accumulation of fluid in the abdomen

151
Q

Borborygmus

A

rumbling or gurgling noises produced by the movement of gas, fluid, or both in the gastrointestinal tract

152
Q

Constipation

A

difficulty in passing stools

153
Q

Diarrhea

A

frequent passage of loos, water stools

154
Q

Dysphagia

A

difficulty swallowing

155
Q

Eructation

A

gas expelled from the stomach through the mouth

156
Q

Flatus

A

gas expelled through the anus

157
Q

Hematochezia

A

passage of fresh, bright red blood from the rectum

158
Q

Melana

A

black, tarry stools; feces containing digested blood

159
Q

Nausea

A

unpleasant sensation in the stomach with. atendency to vomit

160
Q

Steatorrhea

A

fat in the feces

161
Q

Achalasia

A

failure of the lower esophagus sphincter muscle to relax

162
Q

Anal Fistula

A

abnormal tube-like passageway near the anus

163
Q

Aphthous Stomatitis

A

inflammation of the mouth with small, painful ulcers

164
Q

Cholelithiasis

A

Gallstones in the gallbladder

165
Q

Cirrhosis

A

chronic degenerative disease of the liver

166
Q

Colonic Polyposis

A

polyps (benign growths) protrude from the mucous membrane of the colon

167
Q

Colorectal Cancer

A

adenocarcinoma of the colon or rectum, or both

168
Q

Crohn’s Disease

A

chronic inflammation of the intestinal tract

169
Q

Dental Caries

A

tooth decay

170
Q

Diverticulosis

A

abnormal outpouchings in the intestinal wall of the colon

171
Q

Dysentery

A

painful inflammation of the intestines commonly caused by bacterial infection

172
Q

Esophageal Varices

A

swollen varicose veins at the lower end of the esophagus

173
Q

Gastric Carcinoma

A

malignant tumor of the stomach

174
Q

Gastroesophageal Reflux Disease (GERD)

A

solids and fluids return to the mouth from the stomach

175
Q

Hemmorrhoids

A

swollen, twisted varicose veins in the rectal region

176
Q

Hernia

A

protrusion of an organ or part through the tissues and muscles normally obtaining it

177
Q

Herpetic Stomatitis

A

inflammation of the mouth caused by infection with the herpesvirus

178
Q

Oral Leukoplakia

A

white plaques or patches on the mucosa of the mouth

179
Q

Ileus

A

loss of peristalsis with resulting obstruction of the intestines

180
Q

Intussusception

A

telescoping of the intestines

181
Q

Irritable Bowel Syndrome

A

group of GI symptoms without structural abnormalities in the intestines

182
Q

-ectasis -ectasia

A

dilation

183
Q

-emesis

A

vomiting

184
Q

-lysis

A

breakdown or destruction

185
Q

-pepsia

A

digestion

186
Q

-phagia

A

eating, swallowing

187
Q

-plasty

A

surgical repair

188
Q

-ptosis

A

drooping

189
Q

-ptysis

A

spitting

190
Q

-rrhage -rrhagia

A

bursting forth (of blood)

191
Q

-rrhea

A

flow, discharge

192
Q

-spasm

A

involuntary contraction of muscles

193
Q

-stasis

A

stopping, controlling

194
Q

-stenosis

A

narrowing, tightening

195
Q

-tresia

A

opening

196
Q

chol/e

A

bile; gall

197
Q

cholangi/o

A

bile vessel

198
Q

glyc/o

A

sugar

199
Q

Herni/o

A

hernia

200
Q

Lip/o

A

fat

201
Q

Lith/o

A

stone; calculus

202
Q

Splen/o

A

spleen

203
Q

Steat/o

A

fat, sebum

204
Q

Liver Function Test (LFTs)

A

test for the presence of enzymes and bilirubin in the blood

205
Q

Stool Culture

A

test for microorganisms present in feces

206
Q

Stool Guaiac or Hemoccult Test

A

test to detect occult (hidden) blood in feces

207
Q

Abdominal Ultrasonography

A

sound waves beamed into the abdomen produce an image of abdominal viscera

208
Q

Cholangiography

A

x-ray examination of the biliary system performed after injection of contrast into the bile ducts

209
Q

Computed Tomography (CT)

A

a series of x-ray images are taken in multiple views

210
Q

Gastric Bypass

A

a shortened jejunum is brought up to connect with the smaller stomach

211
Q

Gastrointestinal Endoscopy

A

visual examination of the gastrointestinal tract using an endoscope

212
Q

Liver Biopsy

A

removal of liver tissue for microscopic examination

213
Q

Lower Gastrointestinal Series (Barium enema)

A

x-ray images of the colon and rectum obtained after injection of barium into the rectum

214
Q

Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI)

A

magnetic waves produce images of organs and tissues in all three planes of the body

215
Q

Nasogastric Intubation

A

insertion of a tube through the nose into te stomach

216
Q

Paracentesis (Abdominocentesis)

A

puncture to remove fluid from the abdomen

217
Q

Upper Gastrointestinal Series

A

x-ray images of the esophagus, stomach, and small intestine obtained after administering barium by mouth

MED TERM (8 decks)

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