Ch. 61 Patients w/ Urinary Problems Flashcards
Stress Incontinence
Inability to retain urine when laughing, coughing, sneezing, jogging, or lifting
Unable to tighten the urethra enough to overcome increased bladder pressure
Stress Incontinence Risk Factors
Childbirth
Myelomeningocele
Epispadias
Damage to urethral sphincter
Vaginal prolapse from vaginal birth or aging
Urge Incontinence
“OVERACTIVE BLADDER”
Loss of urine for no apparent reason after suddenly feeling the need or urge to urinate
Inability to suppress the signal to urinate and have a sudden strong urge to void
Urge Incontinence Risk Factors
Stroke
BPH
Bladder irritants
Bladder cancer
Medications
Infection or inflammation
Overflow Incontinence
“UNDERACTIVE BLADDER”
Detrusor muscle fails to contract, and bladder becomes overdistended
Occurs when bladder has reached its max capacity and some urine teams out to prevent rupture
Overflow Incontinence Risk Factors
BPH or uterine prolapse
Diabetic neuropathy
MS or spinal cord damage
Medication side effects
Benign Prostatic Hyperplasia
Enlarged prostate
Benign Prostatic Hyperplasia Manifestations
Nocturia
Trouble starting to urinate
Weak urine stream
Leaking or dribbling
Inability to empty bladder
Benign Prostatic Hyperplasia Treatment
Minimize fluids at night
Avoid ETOH and caffeine
Avoid antihistamines and decongestants
Teach pt how to double void
Functional Incontinence
Usually the result of loss of cognition (dementia)
Impaired mobility
Which drug is a risk factor for urinary incontinence?
Anticholinergic drugs because it affects cognition and ability to void
Cystitis
Inflammatory condition of the bladder
Infection can occur in any area of urinary tract and kidney
Bacteriuria can occur w/ this
Acute Uncomplicated Cystitis
Acute UTI
Bladder involvement only
Acute Complicated Cystitis
Involves more than the bladder
Liberal fluid intake
F: 2.2 L
M: 3 L
Phenazopyridine
Pyridium
Relief of burning pain from urgency and frequency
Side effects: urine orange, HA, rash
Preventing Cystitis
Drink 8-10 glasses of fluid per day
Wipe from front to back
Avoid vaginal deodorants
Avoid bubble baths
Urinate after intercourse
Urethritis
Inflammation of the urethra from infectious and noninfectious conditions
Most common cause is STIs
Urethritis Clinical Manifestations
Mucopurulent or purulent discharge
Dysuria
Itching or discomfort of area
Fever
Urgent or frequent urination
Urolithiasis
Presence of calculi (stones) in urinary tract
Commonly caused by dehydration
Causes: drugs, high urine acidity or alkalinity
Urolithiasis Clinical Manifestations
Severe pain
N/V
Pallor
Diaphoresis
Oliguria or anuria
Lithotripsy
Shock waves that break up stones
