Ch 6 - Vineyard Pests And Diseases

Question 1

Name 4 common types of pest.

Answer 1

Phylloxera
Nematodes
Bids and mammals
Insects

Question 2

What damage can pest do to the vineyard?

Answer 2

Drop in yield and / or quality
Loss or damage by disease or hungry animals
Reduced photosynthesis if leaves damaged = unripe grapes

Question 3

What is effective treatment against:
phylloxera;
Nematodes.

Answer 3

American rootstock grafting and for nematode soil sanitising

Question 4

What is effective treatment against birds and mammals?

Answer 4

Netting, loud noise and protecive fencing.

Question 5

What is effective treatment against insects?

Answer 5

Insecticide or Integrated pest management (IPM)

Question 6

What are the main fungal diseases in the vineyard?

Answer 6

Downy and Powdery mildew
Grey Rot (Botrytis Cinerea)

Question 7

What conditions are necessary for:
Downy Mildew;
Powdery Mildew;
Grey Rot

Answer 7

Downy - warm and humid, rainfall;
Powdery - warm and shady - not humidity
Grey Rot - Damp conditions. Rainfall and high humidity.

Question 8

What damage can Downy to the vine?

Answer 8

Yellow oil spots

Attack green parts and grapes - grapes lose fuity flavours, mouldy bitter taint to wine.

Question 9

What damage can Powdery mildew do to the vine?

Answer 9

Attacks young green parts, white powdery look on bottom of leaves - grapes lose fuity flavours, mouldy bitter taint to wine.

Question 10

What damage can Grey Rot do to the vine?

Answer 10

Attacks grapes, colour loss and tainted flavour

Note - Noble Rot is a benevolent form of Grey Rot

Question 11

How are the fungal diseases managed?

Answer 11

Spraying Powdery with sulphur-based fungicide. Downey treated with sulphur and copper solution (Bordeaux mix) (more rainfall means more spraying ie in Maritime climate); must end before harvest time.
Canopy management to allow air to circulate, promotes evapouration and keeps area dry.

Question 12

What are two other diseases to be aware of? What effect do they have on the vine? Can they kill the vine? Can they be managed.

Answer 12

Viruses - will reduce quality and quantity of grapes -dont normally kill the vine.No treatment or cures - vineyard sanitisation and replacement; Spread by cutting/layering.
Bacterial - will reduce quality and quantity of grapes -dont normally kill the vine. Strict quarantine, sanitising the vineyard, dig up vines. Spread by pests called “sharpshooters”