Ch 5 The Growing Environment - Water Flashcards
Why does the vine need water?
Photosynthesis
To make grapes swell during ripening
What is TRANSPIRATION?
It is the method by which the vine absorbs water through its roots and distributes it through the plant.
What determines the amount of water a vine needs?
Heat. As it gets warmer evaporation means it has to replenish to compensate.
Why might limiting supply of water be beneficial?
If canopy management is effective photosynthesis can still take place, but the shortage of water means the vine will concentrate on ripening grapes rather than shoot/ leaf growth.
What are main sources of water?
Rainfall. Most important
Irrigation if insufficient rain and permitted by the laws.
What are the three main irrigation techniques?
DRIP - computer controlled for each vine - expensive
SPRINKLERS - waste water. Create damp conditions with increased risk of disease. Cheaper
FLOOD - cheapest. Only works if plenty of water, flat or very gently sloping vine yards.
What impact can drought have on vines?
Vines suffer from water stress, stop transpiration, photosynthesis stops, leaves wilt, grapes dont ripen. May weaken and kill the vine.
What impact can excess water have on the vine during ripening season?
Vine grows too many shoots and leaves during ripening season leaving less sugar for ripening grapes. Extra canopy shading restricts ripening
What will waterlogging do to the vine? How can it be mitigated?
Waterlogged soil can cause roots to become saturated and die. Can be avoided by drainage systems and slopes.
What impact can heavy rainfall have in the vineyard?
Disrupts flowering and fruit set - reduced volume of grapes
Damp conditions risk disease
Just before harvest can cause excess grape swelling diluting the flavours in the wine. In some cases berry will split.
What impact can hail have in the vineyard? Solutions?
Hail is destructive. It can damage the grapes andthe vine. Netting can be used to protect against it and diversification of plots.
