Ch 6 Key Terms

Question 1

activation energy

Answer 1

energy required to start a reaction

Question 2

active site

Answer 2

enzyme’s specific region to which the substrate binds

Question 3

allosteric inhibition

Answer 3

binding of a regulatory molecule away from the active site, changing the enzymes shape and reducing affinity for its substrate

Question 4

anabolic

Answer 4

pathways that require an energy input to synthesize complex molecules from simpler ones

Question 5

catabolic

Answer 5

pathways in which complex molecules break down into simpler ones

Question 6

chemical energy

Answer 6

potential energy in chemical bonds that release when those bonds are broken

Question 7

coenzyme

Answer 7

small organic molecule that is required to enhance an enzyme’s activity

Question 8

cofactor

Answer 8

inorganic ion required for enzyme activity regulation

Question 9

competitive inhibition

Answer 9

type of restriction in which the inhibitor competes with the substrate molecule by binding to the enzymes active site

Question 10

endergonic

Answer 10

chemical reactions that require energy input

Question 11

energy coupling

Answer 11

when the energy released by a reaction is used to drive another

Question 12

enthalpy

Answer 12

a system’s total energy

Question 13

entropy

Answer 13

the universe’s tendency to disorder
measure of randomness or disorder in a system

Question 14

exergonic

Answer 14

chemical reactions that release free energy

Question 15

feedback inhibition

Answer 15

when the end product of a biochemical reaction works to block the activity of the original enzyme

Question 16

free energy

Answer 16

usable energy, available to do work

Question 17

heat

Answer 17

energy transferred from one system to anther that is not work
energy of the molecules motion or particles

Question 18

heat energy

Answer 18

total bond energy in a chemical reaction

Question 19

induced fit

Answer 19

dynamic fit between enzyme and substrate where they both modify their shapes to bond

Question 20

kinetic energy

Answer 20

energy that takes place with objects or particles in motion

Question 21

metabolism

Answer 21

all the chemical reactions that take place inside cells

Question 22

phosphoanhydride bond

Answer 22

bond that connects phosphates in ATP molecule

Question 23

potential energy

Answer 23

has the potential to do work, stored energy

Question 24

substrate

Answer 24

molecule on which the enzyme acts

Question 25

thermodynamics

Answer 25

study of energy and energy transfer involving physical matter

Question 26

transition state

Answer 26

high-energy unstable state during a chemical reaction, intermediate form between subtrate and product