Ch 6 Key Terms Flashcards
activation energy
energy required to start a reaction
active site
enzyme’s specific region to which the substrate binds
allosteric inhibition
binding of a regulatory molecule away from the active site, changing the enzymes shape and reducing affinity for its substrate
anabolic
pathways that require an energy input to synthesize complex molecules from simpler ones
catabolic
pathways in which complex molecules break down into simpler ones
chemical energy
potential energy in chemical bonds that release when those bonds are broken
coenzyme
small organic molecule that is required to enhance an enzyme’s activity
cofactor
inorganic ion required for enzyme activity regulation
competitive inhibition
type of restriction in which the inhibitor competes with the substrate molecule by binding to the enzymes active site
endergonic
chemical reactions that require energy input
energy coupling
when the energy released by a reaction is used to drive another
enthalpy
a system’s total energy
entropy
the universe’s tendency to disorder
measure of randomness or disorder in a system
exergonic
chemical reactions that release free energy
feedback inhibition
when the end product of a biochemical reaction works to block the activity of the original enzyme
free energy
usable energy, available to do work
heat
energy transferred from one system to anther that is not work
energy of the molecules motion or particles
heat energy
total bond energy in a chemical reaction
induced fit
dynamic fit between enzyme and substrate where they both modify their shapes to bond
kinetic energy
energy that takes place with objects or particles in motion
metabolism
all the chemical reactions that take place inside cells
phosphoanhydride bond
bond that connects phosphates in ATP molecule
potential energy
has the potential to do work, stored energy
substrate
molecule on which the enzyme acts
thermodynamics
study of energy and energy transfer involving physical matter
transition state
high-energy unstable state during a chemical reaction, intermediate form between subtrate and product
