Ch. 5 Flashcards
theory proposing that an eighth element repeats the properties of the first in the group
octave theory
states that the properties of elements recur in a repeating pattern when arranged in increasing atomic number
periodic law
vertical columns on the periodic table
groups
horizontal rows on the periodic table
periods
A-groups, main group elements
representative elements
B group elements
transition elements
below the main body of the periodic table, also called rare earth elements
inner transition elements
two sections inner transition elements are divided into
lanthanide and actinide series
first column on the periodic table (IA)
alkali metals
2nd column or group on the periodic table (IIA)
alkaline earth metals
17th column or group on the periodic table (VIIA)
halogens
18th column or group on the periodic table (VIIIA)
noble gases
trends of atomic radius
atomic radius increases from top to bottom,
decreases left to right
atomic radius of transition elements?
they have many exceptions to general trends
trends of metallic character
metallic character increases from top to bottom, decreases from left to right
general formula for oxides of alkali metals?
M2O
members of a group or family have __ properties
similar
SPDF configuration on periodic table
S block is groups IA-IIA (1 and 2)
P block is IIIA-VIIIA (13 through 18)
D block is IIIB-IIB (3 through 12)
F block are inner transition elements
electrons in the outermost principle energy level of an atom (involved in chemical reactions)
valence electrons
a means of visually representing the valence electrons of an element
electron dot formula
amount of energy required to remove an electron from the gaseous state
ionization energy
ionization energy trends
ionization energy decreases from top to bottom, increases from left to right
what happens to the electron configuration of a metal when it loses their valence electrons when forming ions?
they achieve the electron configuration of their nearest noble gas
what happens to the electron configuration of a nonmetal when it gains an electron to form an ion?
they achieve the electron configuration of their nearest noble gas
atoms and ions with the same electron configuration
isoelectronic
