Ch. 3 Flashcards
the condition of matter existing as a solid, liquid, or gas
physical state
a direct change of state from a solid to a gas
sublimation
a direct change of state from a gas to a solid
deposition
matter having an indefinite composition and variable properties
heterogenous mixture
matter having a definite composition, but variable properties from sample to sample, like alloys and solutions
homogenous mixture
matter having a definite composition and constant properties, like an element or compound
substance
a homogenous mixture of two or more metals
alloy
a substance that can be broken down into simpler substances
compound
a substance that cannot be broken down by chemical reaction
element
the smallest particle that represents an element
atom
an abbreviation for the name of a chemical element
chemical symbol
an element that is generally shiny in appearance, but has a high density, high melting point, and is a good conductor of heat and electricity
metal
the property of a metal that allows it to be machined into a foil
malleable
the property of a metal that allows it to be drawn into a wire
ductile
an element that is generally dull in appearance, has a low density, low melting point, and is not a good conductor of heat and electricity
nonmetal
an element that is generally metallic in appearance and has properties midway between those of a metal and a nonmetal
semimetal
a number that identifies a particular element
atomic number
a chart that arranges elements according to their properties
periodic table
the principle that states a compound always contains the same elements in the same proportion by mass
law of definite composition
a single particle composed of two or more nonmetal atoms
molecule
an abbreviation for the name of a chemical compound that indicates the number of atoms of each element
chemical formula
a characteristic of a substance that cannot be observed without changing the chemical composition
physical property
a characteristic of a substance that cannot be observed without changing the
chemical formula
chemical propertya
modification of a substance that alters its chemical composition
chemical change
a modification of a substance that does not alter its chemical composition
physical change
the stored energy that matter possesses owning to its position or composition
potential energy
the energy associated with the mass and velocity of a particle
kinetic energy
the law that states mass cannot be created not destroyed
law of conservation of mass
the law that states energy cannot be created not destroyed
law of conservation of energy
the law that states the total mass and energy in the universe is constant
law of conservation of mass and energy
