Ch. 6 Intro to Anatomy & Medical Terminology Flashcards
What does the endocrine system do?
Produces hormones that circulate in the blood to target tissue that stimulates a particular action. Helps maintain homeostasis. Includes the pituitary gland, pineal gland, hypothalamus, thyroid, pancreas, adrenal cortex and medulla, parathyroid, thymus, ovaries, and testes.
What does the cardiovascular system do?
Transport materials in the blood throughout the body. Includes heart, valves, arteries, arterioles, veins, venules
What does the integumentary system do?
Provides protection, temperature, regulation, senses organ activity. Includes skin, subcutaneous tissue, sweat and sebaceous glands, hair, nails, sense receptors.
What is included in the dorsal/ventral cavities?
Dorsal cavity contains the cranial and spinal cavity, which includes the brain protected by skull and spinal cord protected by vertebrae. Ventral cavity contains the thoracic cavity, which includes heart, lungs, esophagus and trachea, and is protected by ribs, sternum and vertebrae abdominal pelvic cavity contains abdominal cavity, which hold the stomach, liver, gallbladder, intestines and pelvic cavity contains the urinary bladder and the reproductive organs.
Neutral pH is what?
Seven
Homeostasis attempts to keep the body’s pH between?
7.35 - 7.45
Damaged cells release what chemicals?
Histamine, prostaglandins and bradykinin.
What is included in the inflammation process?
Blood vessels at the site dilate. This causes more local blood flow. With the increase in blood flow, redness and warmth occur in that area. Blood vessel walls allow more white blood cells and plasma to move out of the vessel into the surrounding tissues. The white blood cells work to protect the cells and clean up the tissue. The extra fluid from the blood causes swelling, pain, and loss of movement.
Common causes of disease.
Genetics, infectious, pathogens, inflammatory, response, immunity disorders, and nutritional and balances.
Eponym
Terms that are named after a person or place associated with the term
Epi
Above, upon
Ectomy
Removal, resection, excision
Acronym
Abbreviations that are also pronounceable
Acute
A severe sudden onset of a disease
Chronic
A disease disorder or syndrome that lasts longer than six months.
Etiology
The cause of the disorder or disease
Homeostasis
The internal environment of the body that is compatible with life. A steady state that is created by all the body systems working together to provide a consistent and unvarying internal environment.
Syndrome
A group of signs and symptoms that occur together and are associated with the condition
Prevalence
How often the disease occurs
Anti-
Against
Stage
Refers to the extent of the cancer, including the size, and if it has spread.
Grade
Refers to how abnormal the malignant cells look
Sign
An indicator that is measured or observed by others and is also called objective data
Symptoms
An indicator that is only perceived by the patient and also called subjective data
Myel/o
Bone marrow, of the spinal cord
Supine
Laying on ones back
Prone
Laying on one’s belly
Superior
Toward the head
Inferior
Toward the tail
Medial
Pertaining to the middle
Lateral
Pertaining to one side
Proximal
Pertaining to the origin
Distal
Pertaining to far from the origin
