Ch. 6 Intro to Anatomy & Medical Terminology

Question 1

What does the endocrine system do?

Answer 1

Produces hormones that circulate in the blood to target tissue that stimulates a particular action. Helps maintain homeostasis. Includes the pituitary gland, pineal gland, hypothalamus, thyroid, pancreas, adrenal cortex and medulla, parathyroid, thymus, ovaries, and testes.

Question 2

What does the cardiovascular system do?

Answer 2

Transport materials in the blood throughout the body. Includes heart, valves, arteries, arterioles, veins, venules

Question 3

What does the integumentary system do?

Answer 3

Provides protection, temperature, regulation, senses organ activity. Includes skin, subcutaneous tissue, sweat and sebaceous glands, hair, nails, sense receptors.

Question 4

What is included in the dorsal/ventral cavities?

Answer 4

Dorsal cavity contains the cranial and spinal cavity, which includes the brain protected by skull and spinal cord protected by vertebrae. Ventral cavity contains the thoracic cavity, which includes heart, lungs, esophagus and trachea, and is protected by ribs, sternum and vertebrae abdominal pelvic cavity contains abdominal cavity, which hold the stomach, liver, gallbladder, intestines and pelvic cavity contains the urinary bladder and the reproductive organs.

Question 5

Neutral pH is what?

Answer 5

Seven

Question 6

Homeostasis attempts to keep the body’s pH between?

Answer 6

7.35 - 7.45

Question 7

Damaged cells release what chemicals?

Answer 7

Histamine, prostaglandins and bradykinin.

Question 8

What is included in the inflammation process?

Answer 8

Blood vessels at the site dilate. This causes more local blood flow. With the increase in blood flow, redness and warmth occur in that area. Blood vessel walls allow more white blood cells and plasma to move out of the vessel into the surrounding tissues. The white blood cells work to protect the cells and clean up the tissue. The extra fluid from the blood causes swelling, pain, and loss of movement.

Question 9

Common causes of disease.

Answer 9

Genetics, infectious, pathogens, inflammatory, response, immunity disorders, and nutritional and balances.

Question 10

Eponym

Answer 10

Terms that are named after a person or place associated with the term

Question 11

Epi

Answer 11

Above, upon

Question 12

Ectomy

Answer 12

Removal, resection, excision

Question 13

Acronym

Answer 13

Abbreviations that are also pronounceable

Question 14

Acute

Answer 14

A severe sudden onset of a disease

Question 15

Chronic

Answer 15

A disease disorder or syndrome that lasts longer than six months.

Question 16

Etiology

Answer 16

The cause of the disorder or disease

Question 17

Homeostasis

Answer 17

The internal environment of the body that is compatible with life. A steady state that is created by all the body systems working together to provide a consistent and unvarying internal environment.

Question 18

Syndrome

Answer 18

A group of signs and symptoms that occur together and are associated with the condition

Question 19

Prevalence

Answer 19

How often the disease occurs

Question 20

Anti-

Answer 20

Against

Question 21

Stage

Answer 21

Refers to the extent of the cancer, including the size, and if it has spread.

Question 22

Grade

Answer 22

Refers to how abnormal the malignant cells look

Question 23

Sign

Answer 23

An indicator that is measured or observed by others and is also called objective data

Question 24

Symptoms

Answer 24

An indicator that is only perceived by the patient and also called subjective data

Question 25

Myel/o

Answer 25

Bone marrow, of the spinal cord

Question 26

Supine

Answer 26

Laying on ones back

Question 27

Prone

Answer 27

Laying on one’s belly

Question 28

Superior

Answer 28

Toward the head

Question 29

Inferior

Answer 29

Toward the tail

Question 30

Medial

Answer 30

Pertaining to the middle

Question 31

Lateral

Answer 31

Pertaining to one side

Question 32

Proximal

Answer 32

Pertaining to the origin

Question 33

Distal

Answer 33

Pertaining to far from the origin