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MCAT Behavioral Science > Ch 6 Identity and Personality > Flashcards

Ch 6 Identity and Personality Flashcards

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1
Q

identity

A

individual components of self concept

ex: religion, sex orientation

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2
Q

Androgyny

A

both masculine and undifferentiated

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3
Q

Ethnic identity examples are

A

ancestry
culture
language

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4
Q

nationality

A

political borders

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5
Q

hierarchy of salience

A

situation dictates which identity is most important

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6
Q

Self-discrepancy theory 3 selfs

A

actual self
ideal self
ought self (what others think of us)

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7
Q

self-efficacy

A

belief in our ability to succeed

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8
Q

learned helplessness

A

state of feeling helpless, unable to avoid negative depression theory

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9
Q

locus of control
internal
external

A

characterize the influences in our life

internal - the control of our own destiny
external- feeling that others control our fate

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10
Q 
Freud's psychosexual development was \_\_\_\_\_ but will be tested as history.
1st stage
2nd stage
3rd stage
4th stage
5th stage
A 
Oral stage 0-1 years
Anal stage 1-3 years
Phallic or oedipal stage 3-5 years
Latency stage - libido sublimed (socially acceptable)
Genital stage-
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11
Q 
Eriksons psychosocial development
(0-1 yr)
(1-3 yr)
(3-6 yr)
(6-12 yr)
(12-20 yr)
(20-40 yr)
(40-65 yr)
(65-death)
A 
(0-1 yr) : trust vs mistrust
(1-3 yr) : autonomy vs. shame and doubt
(3-6 yr) : initiative vs. guilt
(6-12 yr) : industry vs. inferiority
(12-20 yr) : identity vs. role confusion
(20-40 yr) : intimacy vs. isolation
(40-65 yr) : generativity vs. stagnation
(65-death) : integrity vs. despair
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12
Q 
Kohlberg's stages of moral development
Preconventional morality (preadolescence)
conventional morality (adolescence to adulthood)
postconventional morality (adulthood)
A
  1. obedience
  2. self-interest
  3. conformity
  4. law and order
  5. social contract
  6. universal human ethics
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13
Q

Vygotsky: cultural and biosocial development

Those skills for kids that are in the process of development (zone of _____ ______) need to have a more _______ ______

A

zone of proximal development

knowledgeable other

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14
Q

theory of mind

A

A persons sense (interpretation) of how another’s mind works.

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15
Q

The psychoanalytical perspective assumes that…..

Who was involved in pioneering this theory?

A

the unconscious internal states motivate our actions and determine personality

Sigmund freud
Carl Jung

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16
Q

Psychoanalytic perspective: Sigmund Freud

id

A

basic, primal, and inborn urges to survive and reproduce
Pleasure principle
primary process

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17
Q

Psychoanalytic perspective: Sigmund Freud

ego

A

operates by reality principle
postpones id
secondary process
moderates desires of superego

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18
Q

Psychoanalytic perspective: Sigmund Freud

superego

A

personality’s perfectionist
pride with accomplishments
guilt with failures

19
Q

preconscious

A

thoughts we aren’t aware of yet

20
Q

unconscious

A

repressed thoughts

21
Q

Instinct:

Eros

Thanatos

A

Eros- life instincts, survival

Thanatos- wish for death

22
Q 
Defense mechanisms: (Freud)
Repression-
Suppression-
Regression-
Reaction Formation-
Projection-
Rationalization-
Displacement-
Sublimation-
A

Repression- Unconscious removal of idea/feeling

Suppression- Conscious removing idea/feeling

Regression- Return to earlier state of development

Reaction Formation- taking your desires and turning them into opposites (hey arnold)

Projection- projecting feelings on someone else

Rationalization- Justification

Displacement- transfer feelings from one person to another

Sublimation- making an unacceptable impulse into a socially acceptable

23
Q

Jung identified the ego as the ______ mind. He divided the unconscious into the __________ unconscious and the ______ unconscious

A

conscious
personal unconscious
collective unconscious (common feelings by all)

24
Q

Archetypes

A

thought or image that has similar feelings from the collective conscious (all people with similar ancestry)

25
Q 
Jungian archetypes:
persona
anima
animus
shadow
A

persona- mask we wear in public
anima- a man’s inner woman
animus- a woman’s inner man
shadow- unpleasant and socially bad thoughts/feelings in consciousness

26
Q

Extraversion
Intraversion

Sensing
Intuiting

Thinking
Feeling

Judging
Perceiving

A

Extraversion- orientation to external world
Intraversion- inner personal world

Sensing- obtain objective information about world
Intuiting- working with abstract information

Thinking- logic/reason
Feeling- value system, personal beliefs

Judging- orderliness
Perceiving- prefers spontaneity

27
Q

Alder’s theory of behavior is that people strive toward _____. Fictional finalism, a term alder coined, means….

A

superiority

motivated by expectations of future, rather than by past

28
Q

Karen Horney argued personality is a result of ________ _______

A

interpersonal relationships

29
Q

Humanistic (phenomenological) perspective

often associated with gestalt principles, meaning….

A

focuses on the individual as a whole.

Gestalt principles complete the picture, allowing a view of people in a holistic manner.

30
Q

force field theory (in the humanistic perspective)

A

focuses of on present/current situations and states of mind.

31
Q

client-centered, person-centered, nondirective therapy

A

pt reflects on own problems, then takes positive action

32
Q

unconditional positive regard is a therapeutic technique in which the therapist….

A

accepts the client completely, non judgmental, positive view

33
Q

type theorists attempt to create…

Trait theorists describe individuals…

A

taxonomy of personality types

as sum of traits

34
Q

Type A personalities

A

competitive and compulsive

35
Q

Type B personality

A

laid-back and relaxed

36
Q

somatotypes

A

proposed personality types based on shape and size of person

37
Q

PEN model

A

psychoticisum
extraversion
neuroticism

38
Q

The PEN model became the Big Five, pneumonic

A 
Openness
Conscientiousness
Extraversion
Agreeableness
Neuroticism

OCEAN

39
Q

Cardinal traits

A

traits around the way a person organizes their life

40
Q

secondary traits

A

limited to occurence

41
Q

functional autonomy

A

behavior continues despite satisfaction of drive

42
Q

token economies

A

behavior is rewarded with tokens, which can be used

43
Q

self-schema

A

self given list or label

MCAT Behavioral Science (8 decks)

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