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MCAT Behavioral Science > Ch 4 Cognition, Consciousness, Language > Flashcards

Ch 4 Cognition, Consciousness, Language Flashcards

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0
Q

Information processing model

A

states that we are like a computer how we encode information, store info and retrieve info.

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1
Q

Piagets stages of cognitive developement

A

sensorimotor
preoperational
concrete operational
formal operational

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2
Q

Sensorimotor stage

A

meet physical needs

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3
Q

preoperational stage

A

symbolic thinking

egocentric

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4
Q

concrete operational stage

A

focuses on understanding feelings of others. manipulate physical objects

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5
Q

formal operational stage

A

abstract thought

problem solving

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6
Q

crystallized intelligence

A

use of learned skills and knowledge

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7
Q

Fluid intelligence

A

problem solving skills

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8
Q

First step of problem solving

A

frame the problem

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9
Q

Deductive reasoning is ____ ____

A

top down

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10
Q

Deductive reasoning answers must be _____

A

true

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11
Q

Inductive reasoning is _____ _____

A

bottom up

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12
Q

inductive reasoning is to create a

A

theory by generalizations
can be false

ex: we won three football games in a row… this makes us a good football team

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13
Q

deductive reasoning starts from

A

general rules and draws a conclusion
Must be true

ex: seduko,
“if the man has a gun, is aiming it at people and shooting… he IS trying to harm them”

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14
Q

base rate fallacy

A

using prototypical or stereotypical factors while ignoring facts.

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15
Q

Disconfirmation principle

A

evidence shows solution failed and should be discarded

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16
Q

confirmation bias

A

won’t eliminate answer based on personal beliefs

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17
Q

recognition-primed decision model

A

choosing a solution based on experiences of patterns

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18
Q

IQ =

A

mental age / chronological age X 100

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19
Q

states of consciousness

A

alertness
sleep
dream
altered

20
Q

What two parts of the brain help keep us alert?

A

reticular formation

pre-frontal cortex

21
Q

When hormone is high when we are alert?

A

cortisol

22
Q

What parts of the brain have a disruption during a coma?

A

prefrontal cortex

reticular formation

23
Q

Beta waves during sleep mean….

A

Alert

24
Q

Alpha waves during sleep mean….

A

relaxing

25
Q

Theta waves during sleep mean….

A

your in stage 1 sleep.

slow freq

26
Q

Where are the sleep spindles and K complexes found?

A

Stage two sleep

27
Q

Stages 3 and 4 of sleep are the _____ and have ____ waves

A

Slow-wave sleep SWS

delta

28
Q

REM sleep is also called ________ sleep because ….

A

paradoxical

ones appears to be awake but the muscles are paralyzed

30
Q

Mnemonic for brain wave and sleep.

A

BAT-D

Bat’s sleep during the day.

31
Q

Increased GABA will cause your body to

A

relax

32
Q

Amphetamines caused increased arousal by increasing release of …. and …..

A

dopamine, norepinephrine, serotonin

decrease reuptake

33
Q

Cocaine decreases reuptake of ….

A

dopamine, norepinephrine, serotonin

34
Q

Opiates are

A

naturally occurring pain killers

35
Q

opioids are ….

A

semi synthetic pain killers

36
Q

cocktail party phenomenon

A

selective attention

37
Q

Nativist theory of language
LAD
Critical period

A

believe in innate ability to communicate
LAD language acquisition device = innate ability
Critical period is 2 yr. to puberty

38
Q

Language behaviorist theory

A

Behaviors of proper speech are reinforced

39
Q

social interactionist language theory

A

desire to communicate with others.

40
Q

Whorfian hypothesis - AKA and definition

A

linguistic relativity hypothesis

Our perception of reality is influenced by language

41
Q

Broca’s area

A

L. hemisphere front cortex. Speech production

42
Q

Wernicke’s Area

A

Temporal lobe. Language comprehension

43
Q

Broca’s and Wernickes area connected by ….

A

arcuate fasciculus

44
Q

Aphasia

A

deficit of language

45
Q

Semantic words

A

meaning of words

46
Q

syntax language

A

rules dictating word order

47
Q

syntax language

A

rules dictating word order

48
Q

pragmatics

A

changing of language due to context

MCAT Behavioral Science (8 decks)

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