Ch 4 Cognition, Consciousness, Language Flashcards
Information processing model
states that we are like a computer how we encode information, store info and retrieve info.
Piagets stages of cognitive developement
sensorimotor
preoperational
concrete operational
formal operational
Sensorimotor stage
meet physical needs
preoperational stage
symbolic thinking
egocentric
concrete operational stage
focuses on understanding feelings of others. manipulate physical objects
formal operational stage
abstract thought
problem solving
crystallized intelligence
use of learned skills and knowledge
Fluid intelligence
problem solving skills
First step of problem solving
frame the problem
Deductive reasoning is ____ ____
top down
Deductive reasoning answers must be _____
true
Inductive reasoning is _____ _____
bottom up
inductive reasoning is to create a
theory by generalizations
can be false
ex: we won three football games in a row… this makes us a good football team
deductive reasoning starts from
general rules and draws a conclusion
Must be true
ex: seduko,
“if the man has a gun, is aiming it at people and shooting… he IS trying to harm them”
base rate fallacy
using prototypical or stereotypical factors while ignoring facts.
Disconfirmation principle
evidence shows solution failed and should be discarded
confirmation bias
won’t eliminate answer based on personal beliefs
recognition-primed decision model
choosing a solution based on experiences of patterns
IQ =
mental age / chronological age X 100
states of consciousness
alertness
sleep
dream
altered
What two parts of the brain help keep us alert?
reticular formation
pre-frontal cortex
When hormone is high when we are alert?
cortisol
What parts of the brain have a disruption during a coma?
prefrontal cortex
reticular formation
Beta waves during sleep mean….
Alert
Alpha waves during sleep mean….
relaxing
Theta waves during sleep mean….
your in stage 1 sleep.
slow freq
Where are the sleep spindles and K complexes found?
Stage two sleep
Stages 3 and 4 of sleep are the _____ and have ____ waves
Slow-wave sleep SWS
delta
REM sleep is also called ________ sleep because ….
paradoxical
ones appears to be awake but the muscles are paralyzed
Mnemonic for brain wave and sleep.
BAT-D
Bat’s sleep during the day.
Increased GABA will cause your body to
relax
Amphetamines caused increased arousal by increasing release of …. and …..
dopamine, norepinephrine, serotonin
decrease reuptake
Cocaine decreases reuptake of ….
dopamine, norepinephrine, serotonin
Opiates are
naturally occurring pain killers
opioids are ….
semi synthetic pain killers
cocktail party phenomenon
selective attention
Nativist theory of language
LAD
Critical period
believe in innate ability to communicate
LAD language acquisition device = innate ability
Critical period is 2 yr. to puberty
Language behaviorist theory
Behaviors of proper speech are reinforced
social interactionist language theory
desire to communicate with others.
Whorfian hypothesis - AKA and definition
linguistic relativity hypothesis
Our perception of reality is influenced by language
Broca’s area
L. hemisphere front cortex. Speech production
Wernicke’s Area
Temporal lobe. Language comprehension
Broca’s and Wernickes area connected by ….
arcuate fasciculus
Aphasia
deficit of language
Semantic words
meaning of words
syntax language
rules dictating word order
syntax language
rules dictating word order
pragmatics
changing of language due to context
