Ch 3 Learning and Memory

Question 0

Dishabituation

Answer 0

Recovery to a stimulus after habituation

Question 1

Habituation

Answer 1

Decrease in response to a stimulus due to continuous exposure

Question 2

Associative learning

Answer 2

pairing or associating between two stimuli

Question 3

Classical conditioning

Answer 3

Takes advantage of instinctual responses to create relationships between two DIFFERENT stimuli

Question 4

List what parts of conditioned response in pavlov’s dogs experiment

Answer 4

Unconditioned stimulus = food
unconditioned response = salivating
Neutral stimulus = bell

Conditioned stimulus = bell
conditioned response = salivation

Question 5

The process of turning a neutral stimulus into a conditioned stimulus in classical conditioning can also be called…

Answer 5

acquisition

Question 6

Extinction in classical conditioning is….

Answer 6

losing the conditioned stimulus

Question 7

Generalization in classical conditioning

Answer 7

the stimulus of two are close enough to cause to produce a conditioned response

Question 8

Discrimination is classical conditioning

Answer 8

one learns to distinguish between two closely related stimulli

Question 9

Operant conditioning

Answer 9

Links voluntary behaviors to a consequent to alter the frequency of behavior

Question 10

B.F Skinner is the father of ________ which is the theory that all….

Answer 10

behaviorism

behaviors are conditioned

Question 11

Operant conditioning: Reinforcement

Both positive and negative…..

Answer 11

increasing the likelihood that a behavior will occur.

Question 12

Negative reinforcers

EX:

Answer 12

remove the unpleasant part of stimulus to increase a behavior
taking aspirin

Question 13

Escape learning

Answer 13

Increase a behavior to remove unpleasant stimulus

Question 14

Avoidance learning

Answer 14

Increase behavior by preventing an unpleasant stimulus YET to happen

Question 15

In operant conditioning Positive will ____ and negative will _____

Answer 15

add

remove

Question 16

Positive punishment …

Answer 16

adds unpleasant consequence to behavior (to reduce behavior)

Question 17

Negative punishment

Answer 17

Reduces a behavior by removing a stimulus/consequence when behavior is done.

Question 18

Reinforcement schedules
Which is the most effective? What’s example?
List four

Answer 18

Variable-ratio (VR) because it will reinforce a behavior upon performances and variable performances
EX: gambling

Variable ratio
Fixed ratio
Variable interval
Fixed ratio

Question 19

What is latent learning?

Answer 19

learning w/o reward but spontaneously shown once reward is given

Question 20

What neurons are present that perform observational learning?

Answer 20

mirror neurons in frontal and parietal lobes

Question 21

Encoding

Answer 21

process of putting new info into memory

Question 22

Visual, semantic and auditory encoding. Which is strongest and weakest

Answer 22

Strongest is semantic

Weakest is visual

Question 23

Method of Loci

Answer 23

Way of memorization in which you build on whats already memorized like walking through your own house.

Question 24

Peg-word memorization

Answer 24

Rhyme with a number then associate with rhyme

Question 25

Sensory memory last for

Answer 25

short period

Question 26

Short term memory rules

Answer 26

7 + or - 2 items

Question 27

Implicit memory is also called

Answer 27

nondeclarative or procedural memory

Question 28

Explicit memory is aka

Answer 28

declarative memory

Question 29

Implicit memory examples

Answer 29

skills and conditioned responses

Question 30

Explicit memory

Answer 30

memories that require conscious recall

Question 31

Implicit and explicit memory are both….

Answer 31

long term memory

Question 32

explicit or declarative memory two types of memory

Answer 32

episodic memory - events/experiences

Semantic memory - facts concepts

Question 33

semantic network

Answer 33

network within the brain that links similar ideas together

Question 34

priming in semantic memory

Answer 34

Word or phrase thats close to a desired semantic memory

Question 35

Difference between context effects and state dependent memories?

Answer 35

State dependent memory is based on emotions, how you feel.

Context effects are part of the physical location in which memorization took place.

Question 36

Primacy/recency effect

Answer 36

Tend to remember first few first compared to last few of a sequence

Question 37

Alzheimer’s disease is liked to loss of ______ in neurons that link to the ______. Alzheimers is seen with _____ of the brain

Answer 37

acetylcholine
hippocampus
atrophy

Question 38

Korsakoff’s syndrome is caused by ______ deficiency in the brain and is a form of memory loss. Disease includes both ____ ____ and ____ ____. Symptoms also include ________

Answer 38

thiamine
anterograde amnesia and retrograde amnesia
confabulation

Question 39

Agnosia - definition

Cause

Answer 39

inability to recognize people, objects or sounds

multiple sclerosis or stroke

Question 40

Interference memory loss

Answer 40

inability to retrieve information due to other similar information

Question 41

Source amnesia

Answer 41

forgetting if it happened to you.

Ex: jeff and his stories

Question 42

Neuroplasticity is one way of changing and another way is ____ ____

Answer 42

synaptic pruning

weak connections broken