Ch. 6: Identity and Personality Flashcards
What is the difference between self concept and self schema?
self concept is who am I? (who we used to be and who we might be)
self schema is the way we define ourselves with labels (now)
What is identity?
individual components of our self-concept related to the groups to which we belong (may have multiple identities)
Ex. gender, ethnic, national, age, class, religion, sexual orientation
What is the hierarchy of salience?
let the situation dictate which idenitity holds the most importance at any given momen
What is self-discrepancy theory?
discrepencies between our different selves lead to negative feelings
actaul self: how we see ourselves currently
ideal self: who we would like ot be
ought self: who we should be accoriding to thers
What are Freud’s stages of psychosexual development?
- oral (focus on mouth)– faliure is overly dependent
- anal (focus on going to the bathroom) – failure is too ordered or too messy
- phallic (oedipal conflict)
- latency
- gential (puberty into aduthood, form normal relationships)
What are the stages of Erikson’s psychosocial development?
- trust vs. mistrust
- autonomy vs. shame and doubt (start to explore on your own)
- initiative vs. guilt (learn basic and effect principles and finish tasks)
- industry vs inferiority (start to become aware of themselves and be able to affect the world)
- identity vs role confusion
- intimacy vs. isolation
- generatvity vs. stagnation (advancing present and future society)
- integrity vs. despaire (reflective)
What is Kohlberg’s theory of moral reasoning?
- Preconventional morality: obedience and self interest (avoiding punishment and gaining rewards, preadolescent thinking)
- Conventional morality: conformity and law and order (understanding and accepting social rules and maintinag the social order)
- Postconventional morality: social contract and universal human ethics (moral rules)
What is Vygotsky’s concept of zone of proximal development?
skills and abilites that have not yet fully developed but are in a process of development
What is Freud’s contribution to personality?
id: primal urges, focused on pleasure only
ego: uses reality principle, incorporates the environment
superego: morals
What are the defense mechanisms?
- represssion
- regression (to an eariler developmental stage)
- reaction romation (suppresses urges by converting urges into their exact opposite)
- projection (put their feelings onto others)
- rationalization (justificaiton of behaviors that’s acceptable to self and society)
- displacement (taking out an urge on someone or something else that’s not the origin)
- sublimation (transformation of urges into socially accepted behaviors)
relieve anxiety from clash of id and superego
What are Carl Jung’s contributions?
- collective unconscious and archetypes
- persona, anima, animus, shadow
- explained three types of personality
extraversion vs. introversion
sensing vs. intuiting
thinking vs. feeling
What is Adler’s inferioirity complex?
sense of incompleteness, imperfection, and inferioirty both physically and socially
striving for superioirty drives personality
What is Karen Horney’s contribution?
neurotic needs that are directed to make life and interactions bearable
moving towards people
moving against people
moving away from people
What are George Kelly’s personal constructs?
individuals construct schemes that anticipate what people will do
Compare type A and type B personalities.
Type A – competitive, compulsive
Type B – relaxed
