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Intro to PT > Ch 6 Global Observation, Mental Functions, and Components of Mobility and Function > Flashcards

Ch 6 Global Observation, Mental Functions, and Components of Mobility and Function Flashcards

1
Q

Global Observation

A

Demeanor or emotion
Appearance
Facial expression, voice, and body language
Source of pain or dysfunction
Compare with what patient says
Posture
Mobility/locomotion
Gait

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2
Q

Communication Assessment

A

Effective communication
Messages expressed in an understandable manner
Messages received as they were intended
Deficits may result from neurological or cognitive dysfunction or disease

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3
Q

Dysarthria

A

Speech difficulties due to impaired motor control

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4
Q

Dysphonia

A

Difficulty in voice production

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5
Q

Aphasia

A

Cognitive neurological disorder
Difficulty or inability to produce or understand language

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6
Q

Wernicke’s (receptive) - Aphasia

A

Rapid, effortless speech
Out of context

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7
Q

Broca’s (expressive) - Aphasia

A

Short, meaningful phrases
Requires great effort

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8
Q

Global - Aphasia

A

Receptive and expressive
Usually unable to communicate

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9
Q

What are the aspects of the communication assessment?

A

Language spoken
Hearing
Quantity of speech
Rate and volume of speech
Word articulation
Fluency

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10
Q

Simple Tests for Communication

A

Understanding of questions
Word comprehension
Repetition
Naming
Writing

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11
Q

Apraxia - Cognition Assessment

A

Impairment of cognitive processing
Inability to initiate or carry out learned purposeful tasks on command
Patient understands the task and has the desire and physical ability to complete the task
May be able to complete the task involuntarily

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12
Q

Attention

A

Attend to a specific stimulus or task

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13
Q

Orientation

A

Person, place, and time

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14
Q

Memory

A

Immediate, short-term, and long-term recall

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15
Q

Thought processes

A

Logic, coherence, and relevance

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16
Q

Calculation

A

Perform written or verbal mathematical calculations

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17
Q

Abstract thinking

A

Reason in an abstract fashion

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18
Q

Judgment

A

Reason in a concrete fashion

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19
Q

Spatial perception

A

Construct or draw an object with specific characteristics

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20
Q

Body perception

A

Self-awareness of own body

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21
Q

Object perception

A

Recognize objects through touch

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22
Q

Sensory Perception

A

Recognize numbers, letters, or shapes “drawn” on the skin

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23
Q

Mood

A

State of being
May not be outwardly expressed

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24
Q

Emotion

A

Felt and often outwardly expressed
Relatively temporary and easily changed

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25
Q

Common emotional/psychological disorders

A

Anxiety disorders
Mood disorders
Psychotic disorders
Somatoform disorders
Substance disorders
Personality disorders

26
Q

Observation / Questionnaires - Emotional/Psychological Assess.

A

Posture and behavior
Personal hygiene, grooming, and clothing
Facial expression
Manner, affect, and relationship to person and things

27
Q

Posture

A

Alignment of each body segment in relation to adjoining segments

28
Q

Ideal skeletal alignment

A

Body’s center of mass direction over its base of support

29
Q

Anterior pelvic tilt

A

Kyphotic-lordotic posture
Increased lumbar lordosis, hips in relative flexion, lengthened hamstrings and abdominals, and shortened iliopsoas, rectus femoris, and lower back extensors

30
Q

Posterior pelvic tilt

A

Flat-back and swayback postures
Flattened lumbar lordosis, hips in neutral or relative extension, lengthened iliopsoas, and shortened hamstrings and abdominals

31
Q

Structural faults

A

Result from congenital or developmental anomalies, disease, or trauma

32
Q

Functional faults

A

Result from poor postural habits

33
Q

Informal Assessment

A

Assess at first sight of patient and periodically throughout initial exam

34
Q

Formal Assessment

A

Plumb line, well-trained eyes, palpation of landmarks, removal of excess layers of clothing
Landmarks in anterior, posterior, and lateral views
Standing, sitting, dynamically

35
Q

Locomotion

A

The means of moving from one location to another
Walking, wheeling, crawling

36
Q

Mobility

A

Body movements necessary to successfully walk, wheel, crawl

37
Q

What does assessing mobility and locomotion allow?

A

Allow patients to perform or attempt to perform tasks that are difficult
Gain information regarding impairments
Accurately document initial ability to perform a skill
Explain why patients are performing tasks that are difficult

38
Q

Gait - Stance phase

A

60% of gait cycle
Initial contact
Loading response
Midstance
Terminal stance
Preswing

39
Q

Gait - Swing phase

A

40% of gait cycle
Initial swing
Midswing
Terminal swing

40
Q

Gait cycle

A

All components of limb advancement

41
Q

Stance phase

A

Begins when one foot makes contact with the floor and ends when same foot lifts off the floor

42
Q

Swing phase

A

Begins when one foot lifts off the floor and ends when same foot makes contact with the floor

43
Q

Stride length

A

Linear distance measured along the line of progression representing how far the body has traveled during one gait cycle

44
Q

Step length

A

Linear distance measured along the line of progression representing how far one foot has traveled relative to the other foot through one gait cycle

45
Q

Cadence

A

Number of steps taken in a specific amount of time

46
Q

Velocity -gait

A

speed of ambulation

47
Q

Width of base of support

A

Linear distance measured perpendicular to the line of progression from the center of the right point of contact to the center of the left point of contact

48
Q

Antalgic

A

Shorter stance time on painful stance leg and shorter step length on uninvolved side

49
Q

Ataxic

A

Unsteady or uncoordinated limb advancement in swing phase

50
Q

Circumduction

A

Swinging one limb in circular motions (into abduction) to advance limb

51
Q

Festinating

A

Short step length and primary weight bearing through forefeet and toes

52
Q

Foot drop

A

Foot plantar flexed during swing phase due to weak or absent ankle dorsiflexors

53
Q

Hip hiking

A

Elevation of ipsilateral pelvis in frontal plane during swing phase

54
Q

Knee hyperextension

A

A rapid thrust of knee into hyperextension immediately after limb makes contact with the floor

55
Q

Parkinsonian

A

Bilateral small, shuffling steps and slow movement

56
Q

Scissoring

A

Adduction of swing limb during swing phase

57
Q

Steppage

A

Often seen in presence of foot drop
Excessive hip and knee flexion of affected limb to clear foot during swing phase

58
Q

Trendelenburg

A

During the stance phase on the affected side, the contralateral hip drops in the frontal plane, often accompanied by a compensatory trunk lean toward the stance side

59
Q

Vaulting

A

Often seen when one limb has difficulty clearing the floor during swing phase
Characterized by plantar flexion of the ankle on the unaffected (stance) limb, with or without concurrent elevation of the pelvis on the affected (swing) limb

60
Q

Basic activities of daily living (BADLs)

A

Self-care and independent living

61
Q

Instrumental activities of daily living (IADLs)

A

Required by most people but not for independent living

62
Q

Functional outcome measures

A

Questionnaires or surveys
Scores given for patient’s reported or observed ability to perform activities
Changes in scores can be interpreted as improvement or decline in function
Document progress or justify need to continue interventions

Intro to PT (9 decks)

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