Ch 6: General Anatomy & Physiology Flashcards
The basic units of all living things, from bacteria to plants to animals, including human beings, are _____.
cells
The dense, active protoplasm found in the center of the cell is the _____.
nucleus
Mitosis is the usual process of cell reproduction of human tissues that occurs when the cell divides into two identical cells called _____.
daughter cells
The _____ is the watery fluid that surrounds the nucleus of the cell and is needed for growth, reproduction, and self-repair.
cytoplasm
The study of the functions and activities performed by the body’s structures is called _____.
physiology
Structures composed of specialized tissues designed to perform specific functions in plants and animals are known as _____.
organs
Which type of tissue contracts and moves various parts of the body?
Muscle tissue
Which type of tissue lines the heart, digestive and respiratory organs, and the glands?
Epithelial tissue
The connection between two or more bones of the skeleton is called a _____.
joint
The _____ is the larger of the two bones that form the leg below the knee.
tibia
The oval, bony case that protects the brain is the _____.
cranium
The maxillae are the bones of the _____.
upper jaw
The two bones that form the sides and top of the cranium are the _____.
parietal bones
The inner and larger bone in the forearm that is attached to the wrist and located on the side of the little finger is the _____.
ulna
The foot is made up of _____ bones.
26
What is the U-shaped bone at the base of the tongue that supports the tongue and its muscles?
Hyoid bone
The part of the muscle that does not move and is attached closest to the skeleton is the _____.
origin
The broad muscle that covers the top of he skull and consists of the occipitalis and frontalis is the _____.
epicranius
The _____ are the muscles that straighten the wrist, hand, and fingers to form a straight line.
extensors
The muscles that draw a body part, such as a finger, arm, or toe, inward toward the median axis of the body or of an extremity are the _____.
adductors
The system of nerves that carries impulses, or messages, to and from the central nervous system is called the _____.
peripheral nervous system
Sensory nerve endings called _____ are located close to the surface of the skin.
receptors
The largest artery in the human body is the _____.
aorta
The main blood supply of the arms and hands are the _____.
ulnar and radial arteries
The popliteal artery supplies blood to the foot and divides into two separate arteries known as the _____.
anterior tibial and posterior tibial arteries
The _____ muscle is the primary nasal muscle of concern to cosmetologists.
procerus
The muscle that raises the angle of the mouth and draws it inward is the _____ muscle.
levator anguli oris
The _____ cranial nerve is the chief motor nerve of the face.
seventh
The muscle that covers the back of the neck and the upper and middle region of the back is the _____.
trapezius
The median nerve is a sensory-motor nerve that, with its branches, supplies the _____.
arm and hand
The deep peroneal nerve extends down the _____.
front of the leg
The simplest form of nervous activity that includes a sensory and motor nerve is called a _____.
reflex
Deoxygenated blood flows from the heart to the lungs for oxygenation and waste removal and then returns that blood to the _____ so oxygen-rich blood can be delivered to the body.
left atrium
Which nerve affects the muscles of the mouth?
Buccal
Blood _____ the body’s temperature.
helps to equalize
The _____ supplies blood to the muscles of the eye.
infraorbital artery
The technical term for the facial artery is the _____ artery.
external maxillary
The endocrine glands, also known as _____ glands, release hormonal secretions directly into the bloodstream.
ductless
Which gland affects almost every physiologic process of the body?
Pituitary
The _____ nerve supplies impulses to the skin of the forehead, upper eyelids, and interior portion of the scalp, orbit, eyeball, and nasal passage.
ophthalmic
The heart is the organ that keeps the _____ moving within the circulatory system.
blood
The complex system that serves as a protective covering and helps regulate the body’s temperature is the _____ system.
integumentary
The gastrointestinal system consists of the _____, stomach, intestines, salivary and gastric glands, and other organs.
mouth
The _____ system distributes blood throughout the body.
circulatory
The _____ system is responsible for breaking down foods into nutrients and wastes.
digestive
The _____ system is the body system consisting of a group of specialized glands that affect the growth, development, sexual functions, and health of the entire body.
endocrine
The _____ system protects the body from disease by developing immunities and destroying disease-causing microorganisms.
lymphatic
The _____ system covers, shapes, and holds the skeletal system in place.
muscular
The _____ system controls and coordinates all other systems of the body and makes them work harmoniously and efficiently.
nervous
The _____ system performs the function of producing offspring and passing on the genetic code from one generation to another.
reproductive
The _____ system makes blood and oxygen available to body structures through breathing and eliminating carbon dioxide.
respiratory
The _____ system forms the physical foundation of the body.
skeletal
The study of the human body structures that can be seen with the naked eye and how the body parts are organized is ______.
anatomy
Neurology is the scientific study of the structure, function, and pathology of the _____.
nervous system
Lymph nodes filter the _____ vessels, which helps fight infection.
lymphatic
