Ch 6 - General Anatomy and Physiology Flashcards
How much blood does the the human body contain
8 to 10 pints
What is a nutritive fluid flowing through the circulatory system
Blood
What are platelets
Blood components that contribute to the blood-clotting process
What is another term for white blood cells
Leukocytes
What is the study of tiny structures found in living tissues
Histology
What is one reason estheticians should study body systems, organs, and tissues
To understand the effect services have on th ebody
What is protoplasm
Substance of which the cells of all living things are composed
What is the process of cell reproduction called
Mitosis
What is the sternum
Flat bone that forms the ventral support of the ribs
What part of the hand is supplied by the radical nerve and its branches
Back
What is the fluid part of blood and lymph that carries food and secretions to the cells and carbon dioxide from the cells
Plasma
What is true of the origin part of the muscle
It is attached to the skeleton
What are structures composed of specialized tissues and performing specific functions
Organs
Why does the parathyroid gland regulate blood calcium and phosphorous levels
So the nervous and muscular systems can function properly
What is true of the pituitary gland
It is the most complex organ of the endocrine system
What organ in the endocrine system secretes enzyme-producing cells that are responsible for digesting carbohydrates, proteins, and fats
Pancreas
What are the secretions that the endocrine glands release directly into the bloodstream and that influence the welfare of the entire body
Hormones
What is the primary function of the respiratory system
Breathing
What is the primary function of the lymphatic/immune system
Protecting the body from disease
What is the primary function of the skeletal system
Providing the physical foundation of the body
What is osteology
Study of bones
What is the term that means “bone” and is used as a prefix in many medical terms
“os”
What is the primary function of the circulatory system
Moving blood through the body
What is covered, shaped, and supported by the muscular system
Skeletal tissue
What body system is responsible for changing food into nutrients and waste
Digestive
What is the primary function of the excretory system
Purifying the body by elimination of waste matter
What is the primary function of the reproductive system
Perpetuating the human race
What is the body system that controls and coordinates all other body systems
Nervous
What is a connection between two or m ore bones of the skeleton
Joint
What body system serves as a protective covering for the body
Integumentary
What is a collection of similar cells that perform a particular function
Tissue
What are valves
Structures that close a passage or permit flow in one direction only
Where in the skull is the occipital bone located
back of head
How many identical daughter cells are formed when a cell divides during mitosis
2
What are the two phases of metabolism
anabolism and catabolism
What is the metabolic process of building up larger molecules from smaller ones
Anabolism
When, during metabolism, are complex compounds within the cells broken down into smaller ones
Catabolism
What body system effects the growth, development, sexual activities, and health of the body
Endocrine
Where in the body does the spinal cord originate
Brain
What are glands
Specialized organs that remove and convert elements from the blood
What are lymph nodes
Gland-like structures found inside the lymphatic vessels
What are two physical characteristics of lymph
Colorless and watery
What binds tissues of the body together
Connective tissue
What type of tissue provides a protective covering on body surfaces
Epithelial
What carries messages to and from the brain and controls and coordinates all body functions
Nerve tissue
What organ circulates the blood
Heart
What do the kidneys do
Excrete water and waste products
What is the name of the two bones that form the bridge of the nose
Nasal
What is the largest and strongest bone in the face
Mandible
What is formed by the 12 pairs of bones in the ribs
Thorax
What are small vessels that connect capillaries to veins
Venules
What term refers to thin-walled blood vessels that are less elastic than arteries
Veins
What gland controls how quickly the body burns energy and makes proteins
Thyroid
What supplies oxygen to the blood
Lungs
What is the function of the liver
Removing waste created by digestion
What organ aids the intestines in the digestion of food
Stomach
What is defecation
Eliminating waste from the body
What is the term for taking food into the body
Ingestion
