Ch 6 Endocrine System Flashcards
Lipolysis
The breakdown and utilization of fat for energy.
Enzyme
A substance in the body that causes a specific reaction or change.
Glands
Cells that release substances into the bloodstream (such as hormones) or other surface of the body.
Hormone
Chemical messenger released from a gland that travels to cells to activate a specific function.
Target (receptor) cell
Cell that receives a message from a hormone or enzyme. Target cells exert an action after being stimulated or activated.
Insulin
A hormone secreted by the pancreas that is responsible for glucose metabolism.
Glucagon
A hormone secreted by the pancreas that regulates blood glucose and functions opposite to insulin.
Substrates
Intermediate forms of nutrients used in metabolic reactions to create adenosine triphosphate.
Glycogen
Glucose that is deposited and stored in bodily tissues, such as the liver and muscle cells; the storage form of carbohydrate.
Growth hormone
An anabolic hormone produced by the pituitary gland that is responsible for growth and development.
Catecholamines
Hormones produced by the adrenal glands that are part of the stress response known as the fight-or-flight response.
Catabolic
Metabolic process that breaks down molecules into smaller units used for energy.
Gluconeogenesis
The formation of glucose from noncarbohydrate sources (proteins and fats).
Overtraining
Excessive frequency, volume, or intensity of training, resulting in reduction of performance, which is also caused by a lack of proper rest and recovery.
Testosterone
A hormone producing secondary male sex characteristics.
