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a&p unit 2 > Ch. 6 Clinical Notes > Flashcards

Ch. 6 Clinical Notes Flashcards

1
Q

heterotopic bones

A

dermal bones forming in abnormal locations

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2
Q

Fibrodysplasia Ossification Progressiva (FOP)

A

A rare genetic disease that causes a person to form normal bone in the wrong place after minor injury. Muscles are gradually replaced by bone

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3
Q

Pituitary dwarfism

A

inadequate production of growth hormone, causing reduced epiphyseal cartilage activity and abnormally short bones.

Treated with HGH

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4
Q

Gigantism

A

overproduction of growth hormone from puberty

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5
Q

acromegaly

A

abnormal pituitary activity after epiphyseal cartilage closes. Causes bones to get thicker, particularly in face, jaw, and hands.

Cartilage growth and changes to soft tissue affect contours of the face

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6
Q

Marfan’s syndrome

A
  • inhereted metabolic condition that affects many systems
  • patients are very tall with long, slender limbs due to excessive formation at epiphyseal cartilages.
  • Condition affects connective tissue, causing life-threatening cardivascular problems
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7
Q

dermal bones forming in abnormal locations

A

heterotopic bones

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8
Q

A rare genetic disease that causes a person to form normal bone in the wrong place after minor injury. Muscles are gradually replaced by bone

A

Fibrodysplasia Ossification Progressiva (FOP)

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9
Q

inadequate production of growth hormone, causing reduced epiphyseal cartilage activity and abnormally short bones.

Treated with HGH

A

Pituitary dwarfism

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10
Q

overproduction of growth hormone from puberty

A

Gigantism

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11
Q

abnormal pituitary activity after epiphyseal cartilage closes. Causes bones to get thicker, particularly in face, jaw, and hands.

Cartilage growth and changes to soft tissue affect contours of the face

A

acromegaly

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12
Q
  • inhereted metabolic condition that affects many systems
  • patients are very tall with long, slender limbs due to excessive formation at epiphyseal cartilages.
  • Condition affects connective tissue, causing life-threatening cardivascular problems
A

Marfan’s syndrome

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13
Q

achondroplasia

A

a disorder of bone growth that causes the most common type of dwarfism

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14
Q

bone marrow transplant

A
  • transferring healthy bone marrow stem cells from one perosn into another
  • replacing bone marrow that is either dysfunctional or has been destroyed by chemotherapy
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15
Q

bone mineral density test (BMD)

A

a test to predict the risk of bone fractures by measuring how much calcium and other types of minerals are present in the bones

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16
Q

bone scan

A

a nuclear scanning test that identifies new areas of bone growth or breakdown. Used to:

  • evaluate damage
  • find cancer
  • monitor the bone’s condition (infection & trauma)
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17
Q

closed reduction

A

the correction of a bone fracture by manipulation without incision to the skin

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18
Q

dual-energy x-ray absorptiometry (DEXA)

A
  • procedure that uses very small amounts of radiation to measure changes in bone density (as small as 1%)
  • monitors bone density in osteoperosis and osteopenia
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19
Q

open reduction

A

the correction of a fracture by making an incision into the skin and rejoining fractured bone parts. Often by mechanical means (rod, plate, or screw)

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20
Q

osteogenesis imperfecta (OI)

A

“Brittle bone disease”

An inhereted disorder characterized by extreme fragility of the bones

21
Q

osteomyelitis

A

An acute or chronic bone infection

22
Q

osteopetrosis

A

a rare hereditary bone disorder in which the bones become overly dense

present in one of three forms:

  1. osteopetrosis tarda
  2. osteopetrosis congenita
  3. ‘marble bone’ disease
23
Q

osteosarcoma

(osteogenic sarcoma)

A

a type of cancer that starts in the bones

24
Q

Paget’s disease

A

a chronic disorder that results in enlarged, misshapen bones due to abnormal bone destruction and regrowth

25
Q

a disorder of bone growth that causes the most common type of dwarfism

A

achondroplasia

26
Q
  • transferring healthy bone marrow stem cells from one perosn into another
  • replacing bone marrow that is either dysfunctional or has been destroyed by chemotherapy
A

bone marrow transplant

27
Q

a test to predict the risk of bone fractures by measuring how much calcium and other types of minerals are present in the bones

A

bone mineral density test (BMD)

28
Q

a nuclear scanning test that identifies new areas of bone growth or breakdown. Used to:

  • evaluate damage
  • find cancer
  • monitor the bone’s condition (infection & trauma)
A

bone scan

29
Q

the correction of a bone fracture by manipulation without incision to the skin

A

closed reduction

30
Q
  • procedure that uses very small amounts of radiation to measure changes in bone density (as small as 1%)
  • monitors bone density in osteoperosis and osteopenia
A

dual-energy x-ray absorptiometry (DEXA)

31
Q

the correction of a fracture by making an incision into the skin and rejoining fractured bone parts. Often by mechanical means (rod, plate, or screw)

A

open reduction

32
Q

“Brittle bone disease”

An inhereted disorder characterized by extreme fragility of the bones

A

osteogenesis imperfecta (OI)

33
Q

An acute or chronic bone infection

A

osteomyelitis

34
Q

a rare hereditary bone disorder in which the bones become overly dense

present in one of three forms:

  1. osteopetrosis tarda
  2. osteopetrosis congenita
  3. ‘marble bone’ disease
A

osteopetrosis

35
Q

a type of cancer that starts in the bones

A

osteosarcoma

(osteogenic sarcoma)

36
Q

a chronic disorder that results in enlarged, misshapen bones due to abnormal bone destruction and regrowth

A

Paget’s disease

37
Q

Bones appear normal, but are weak and flexible due to poor mineralization

A

osteomalacia

(ex: rickets)

38
Q

inadequate ossification

A

osteopenia

39
Q

when reduction of bone due to osteopenia is sufficient to compromise normal function

A

osteoporosis

40
Q

Produced by cancers of bone marrow, breast and other tissues. Increases the bumber and activity of osteoclasts, causing severe osteoporosis

A

osteoclast-activating factor

41
Q

A break in the bone shaft across the long axis

A

Transverse Fracture

42
Q

produce new and abnormal bone arrangements

A

displaced fractures

(Non-displaced fractures retain the normal alignment)

43
Q

occur in vertebrae subject to extreme stresses

A

compression fractures

44
Q

produced by twisting stresses that spread along the length of the bone

A

spiral fracture

45
Q

Tend to occur where bone matrix is undergoing calcification and chondrocytes are dying. Can permanently stop growth.

A

epiphyseal fracture

46
Q

shatter affected area into a multitude of bony fragments

A

comminuted fracture

47
Q

only one side of the shaft is broken, and the other is bent. Generally in children.

A

Greenstick fracture

48
Q

Occurs at the ankle and affects both bones of the leg

A

Pott’s fracture

a&p unit 2 (12 decks)

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