Ch 6 - Bones and Skeletal Tissue

Question 1

Functions of bones

Answer 1

1) Support
2) Protection
3) Attachment point - muscles to bones via tendons
4) Storage - minerals, fats (yellow marrow)
5) Blood cell formation - hematopoiesis - formation of blood cells
6) Hormone production - Osteocalcin (insulin release, glucose homeostasis, energy expenditure)

Question 2

Chief cell type of cartilage

Answer 2

Chondro(cyte/blast)

Question 3

Types of Cartilage

Answer 3

1) Hyaline cartilage
2) Elastic cartilage
3) Fibrocartilage

1) Articular cartilage, costal cartilage, respirtatory cartilage, nasal cartilage
2) External ear, epiglottis
3) Vertebral discs, knee, pubic symphysis

Question 4

Cartilage growth types:

Answer 4

1) Appositional growth - new on old
2) Interstitial - growth from within

Question 5

Structure of Long Bones

Answer 5

1) Diaphysis
2) Epiphysis
3) Membranes (peiosteum, endosteum)
4) Vascularization & innervation

Nutrient artery & nutrient vein serve diaphysis
Epiphyseal artery & epiphyseal vein serve epiphyses

Question 6

Structural unit of bone

Answer 6

Osteon

Question 7

Layers of collagen fibers wrapping central canals

Answer 7

Lamella - running in one direction per lamella, opposite in adjacent

Question 8

Where are bone salts located

Answer 8

Inside and outside lammella

Question 9

Nerve and blood vessel lateral channels called

Answer 9

Perforating canals

Question 10

What fills gaps between complete osteons

Answer 10

Interstitial lamellae

Question 11

What part of the bone resists torsion

Answer 11

Circumferential lamellae
lamellae that wraps around the entire diaphysis

Question 12

Pt with insufficient calcium, vitamin D, with weak, soft bones has:

Answer 12

Ricket’s (children)
Osteomalacia (adults)

Question 13

Structure of flat, irregular, & short bone

Answer 13

Thin plate of trabecular bone with surrounding compact bone