Ch 6. An introduction to Health systems Flashcards
What is a Health system ?
- The sum of organizations , institutions , and resources whose primary purpose is to improve health
What is included in a health system ?
- The agencies that plan , fund and regulate health care
- The money that finances health care
- Those who provide preventative health services , clinical services , rehabilitative services and specialized inputs , such as the education of the healthcare profession
What are the three goals for every health system suggested by the World Health Report 2000?
- Good health
- Responsiveness to the expectations of the population
- Fairness of financial contribution
What are the four functions of a health system suggested by the World Health Report 2000?
- Provide health services
- Generate resources : Raise money that can be spent on health
- Financing : pay for health services
- Stewardship : govern and regulate the health system
what income bracket countries have fragmented health systems that include both public and private providers ?
- Low income countries
What are the three levels of care?
- Primary : physician/doctor , this is the first point of contact with patient
- Secondary : Doctor for instance find the serious problems and refers you to proper treatment
- Tertiary : Higher level of doctors that provide higher level of care in hospitals and surgeries like neurosurgeons
What are the characteristics of public health care?
- Essential and socially acceptable
- Its based on evidence and universally available
- Addresses the needs of the community and is affordable
- Provides preventative , promotive , curative and rehabilitative services
What is the public sector responsible ?
- Stewardship of the system
- Raising the funds for the health system
- Making decisions about allocating those funds
- Establishing approaches to health insurance
What is the private for profit sector responsible ?
- Involved in the provision of services including non licensed “medical practitioners “
- Involved in the operation of health clinics , hospitals , services and laboratories
- Is involved in essentially all countries
What is the private non for profit sector responsible for ?
- Often involved in community based efforts to promote better health through education
- often carry out health services
WHO suggested the aim of UHC reflects which three fundamental concerns
- People should have access to services , regardless of their ability to pay for them
- Services must be appropriate quality
- Financial arrangements for services must protect people from suffering financial hardship
What are some of the questions faced by countries to develop UHC?
- Who should be covered
- What services should be covered
- What share of the costs should the insurance scheme pay?
What are some characteristics for German heaja
, it is the first country to have universel health care
90% is covered usually by financier insurances a
In Germany why was the statutory health insurance package created ?
- It was designed for people who earned under a certain amount
What is UK main goal of health ?
- To provide a comprehensive set of health services to all people in the UK, regardless of their ability pay
How is US different from other high income countries when it comes to prioritizing health ?
- IT is the only high income country that does not go by the premise that health is a human right
What are formal sector employees in Costa Rica ?
- They are those who work 40 hours a week for regular wages and pay taxes
What are the informal sector employees in Costa Rica ?
- Those who dont work regular jobs. They may do odd jobs , babysitting and so on. They do not pay taxes and are not monitored by the government
What are some key health sector issues ?
- Demographic and Epidemiologic change
- Stewardship
- Human Resource issues
- Quality of care
- Financing of health systems
- Financial protection and provision of universal coverage
- Access and equity
How are demographic and epidemiological change a health sector issue ?
- People are liviing longer so societies will face a greater burden of noncommunicable disease
- Cost of treating noncommunicable disease are high
How does stewardship affect health sector issues ?
- Weak governance builds weak health care system , which leaves poor people in particular with less choice and power
How does Human resource issues affect health sector issues ?
- it is caused by imbalance in types of personnel in high income countries and not enough personnel in low income countries
- HR problems are compounded by the brain drain effect
What is BRAIN DRAIN ?
- IT refers to a substantial emigration or migration of individuals out of a country
How does quality of care effect health sector issues ?
good quality can provide health services that is safe , effective , patient centred , timely , efficient and equitable
