Ch 6, 7 Homeoststic imbalances

Question 1

osteomalacri and rickets

Answer 1

1. calcium salts not deposited properly-bones soft and deformed
2. rickets is a childhood disease causing bowed legs and other bone deformities
3. cause: deviancy of vitamin D or dietary calcium

Question 2

oseoporosis

Answer 2

a group of disorders in which the rate of bone resorption exceeds the rate of formation

1. bones become fragile and easily broken
2. composition of matrix remains normal, bone mass decreases
3. affects whole body, but spongy bones of spine and neck of the femur are most vulnerable
4. aging, lack of exercise, petite body form, dietary deficiency, smoking, hormone changes are all risk factors

Question 3

treatments and prevention

Answer 3

a. calcium, vitamin D and fluoride supplements
b. weight-bearing exercise throughout life
c. hormone(estrogen) replacement therapy slows bone loss
d. some drugs (forsamex, serms, statins) increase bone mineral density

Question 4

pagets disease

Answer 4

excessive and haphazard bone formation and breakdown, usually in spine, pelvis, femur or skull

2. very high ratio of spongy to compact bone and reduced mineralization
3. unknown cause
4. treatment includes; calcitonin and bisphonates

Question 5

osteogenics imperfect

Answer 5

genetic disorder

1. soft bones because of inadequate deposition of minerals
2. unable to support weight

Question 6

achondroplasia

Answer 6

genetic disorder

1. long bones fail to grow because of failure in growth and calcification of cartilage
2. most common cause of dwarfism
3. most common in children with older fathers

Question 7

osteomyelits

Answer 7

1. infection caused by bacteria that enter through a open wound
2. a complication of open fractures

Question 8

osteosacrcoma (bone cancer)

Answer 8

1. cancer of long bones
2. metastasizes rapidly eg to lungs
3. often develops in children undergoing growth spurts
4. more common in boys than girls