Ch 1. 6, language of anatomy Flashcards
standard anatomical body position
body erect, feet slightly apart, arms at side, palms facing forward
superior (cranial)
toward the head end or upper part of a structure of the body, above
inferior ( caudal)
away from the head end or toward the lower part of a structure or the body; below
ventral (anterior)
toward or at the front of the body; in front of
dorsal (posterior)
toward or at the back of the body; behind
medial
toward or at the midline of the body; on the inner side of
lateral
away from the midline of the body; or the outer side of
intermediate
between a more medial and lateral structure
proximal
closer to the origin of the body part or the point of attachment of a limb to the body trunk
distal
farther from the origin of a body part or the point of attachment of a limb to the body part
superficial (external)
toward or at the body surface
deep (internal)
away from the body surface; more internal
ipsilateral
body parts on the same side of the midline
contralateral
body parts on opposite sides of the midline
Two major divisions of the body
a. Axial- head, neck and trunk
b. Appendicular- limbs (arms and legs)
frontal
forehead
orbital
eye
nasla
nose
oral
mouth
mental
chin
cervical
the neck region
thoracic
the chest
sternal
the region of the breast bone
axillary
the armpit
mammary
the breast
abdominal
the anterior body trunk region inferior to the ribs
umbilical
the navel
pelvic
the pelvis region
inguinal
groin
pubic
the genital region
acromial
round of shoulder
brachial
the arm
antecubital
the anterior surface of the elbow
antebrachial
forearm
carpal
wrist
manus
hand
pollex
big thumb
palmar
palm
digital
fingers or toes
coxal
hip
femoral
thigh
patellar
anterior knee (knee cap)
crural
leg
fibular or peroneal
side of leg
pedal
foot
tarsal
ankle
metatarsal
top of foot
hallux
big toe
plantar
bottom of foot
calcaneal
heel
sural
calf
metacarpal
front of hand
olecranal
back of elbow
otic
back of ear
occipital
back of head
scapular
shoulder blade area
vertebral
area of the spinal cord
lumbar
back between ribs and hips
sacral
area between hips
gluteal
butt
perineal
between anus and external genitalia
sagittal plane
vertical cut into left and right parts
midsagittal (median) plane
cut into right and left halves
parasagittal plane
not on midline
frontal plane (coronal)
vertical cut into anterior and posterior parts
transverse planes (horizontal) (cross section)
horizontal cut into superior and inferior parts
oblique section
diagonal cut
longitudinal sections
made by a cut along the long axis of a structure could be frontal or median
anatomical variability
over 90% of all anatomical structures match textbook descriptions but;
a, nerves and blood vessels ma be out of place
b, small muscles may be missing
dorsal cavity
protects nervous systems
Cranial cavity: encloses brain
Vertebral cavity: encloses spinal cord
ventral cavity
protects thoracic and abdominal organs (viscera)
2 subdivisions-separated by diaphragm
thoracic cavity
3 subdivisions 2 pleural cavities-each house a lung Mediastinum: superior portion- surrounds esophagus, trachea, large blood vessels pericardial cavity- encloses heart
abdominopelvic cavity
subdivisions; not physically separate, lies in bony pelvis abdominal cavity(superior)- stomach, spleen, intestines and liver pelvic cavity(inferior)- urinary bladder, reproductive organs, rectum
membranes in ventral body cavity
serous membrane (serosa)-outer wall thin double layered membrane separated by serous fluid parietal serosa lines internal body walls visceral serosa covers the internal organs --serous fluid allows body organs to move without friction
abdominopelvic regions and quadrants
pics
oral and digestive cavities
teeth and tongue
nasal cavity
respiratory, posterior nose
orbital cavities
eye sockets
middle ear cavities
location of ossicles- medial to eardrums
synovial cavities
joint cavities eg. knee, elbow
