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A&P > Ch 1. 6, language of anatomy > Flashcards

Ch 1. 6, language of anatomy Flashcards

1
Q

standard anatomical body position

A

body erect, feet slightly apart, arms at side, palms facing forward

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2
Q

superior (cranial)

A

toward the head end or upper part of a structure of the body, above

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3
Q

inferior ( caudal)

A

away from the head end or toward the lower part of a structure or the body; below

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4
Q

ventral (anterior)

A

toward or at the front of the body; in front of

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5
Q

dorsal (posterior)

A

toward or at the back of the body; behind

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6
Q

medial

A

toward or at the midline of the body; on the inner side of

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7
Q

lateral

A

away from the midline of the body; or the outer side of

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8
Q

intermediate

A

between a more medial and lateral structure

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9
Q

proximal

A

closer to the origin of the body part or the point of attachment of a limb to the body trunk

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10
Q

distal

A

farther from the origin of a body part or the point of attachment of a limb to the body part

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11
Q

superficial (external)

A

toward or at the body surface

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12
Q

deep (internal)

A

away from the body surface; more internal

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13
Q

ipsilateral

A

body parts on the same side of the midline

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14
Q

contralateral

A

body parts on opposite sides of the midline

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15
Q

Two major divisions of the body

A

a. Axial- head, neck and trunk

b. Appendicular- limbs (arms and legs)

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16
Q

frontal

A

forehead

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17
Q

orbital

A

eye

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18
Q

nasla

A

nose

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19
Q

oral

A

mouth

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20
Q

mental

A

chin

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21
Q

cervical

A

the neck region

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22
Q

thoracic

A

the chest

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23
Q

sternal

A

the region of the breast bone

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24
Q

axillary

A

the armpit

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25
Q

mammary

A

the breast

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26
Q

abdominal

A

the anterior body trunk region inferior to the ribs

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27
Q

umbilical

A

the navel

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28
Q

pelvic

A

the pelvis region

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29
Q

inguinal

A

groin

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30
Q

pubic

A

the genital region

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31
Q

acromial

A

round of shoulder

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32
Q

brachial

A

the arm

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33
Q

antecubital

A

the anterior surface of the elbow

34
Q

antebrachial

A

forearm

35
Q

carpal

A

wrist

36
Q

manus

A

hand

37
Q

pollex

A

big thumb

38
Q

palmar

A

palm

39
Q

digital

A

fingers or toes

40
Q

coxal

A

hip

41
Q

femoral

A

thigh

42
Q

patellar

A

anterior knee (knee cap)

43
Q

crural

A

leg

44
Q

fibular or peroneal

A

side of leg

45
Q

pedal

A

foot

46
Q

tarsal

A

ankle

47
Q

metatarsal

A

top of foot

48
Q

hallux

A

big toe

49
Q

plantar

A

bottom of foot

50
Q

calcaneal

A

heel

51
Q

sural

A

calf

52
Q

metacarpal

A

front of hand

53
Q

olecranal

A

back of elbow

54
Q

otic

A

back of ear

55
Q

occipital

A

back of head

56
Q

scapular

A

shoulder blade area

57
Q

vertebral

A

area of the spinal cord

58
Q

lumbar

A

back between ribs and hips

59
Q

sacral

A

area between hips

60
Q

gluteal

A

butt

61
Q

perineal

A

between anus and external genitalia

62
Q

sagittal plane

A

vertical cut into left and right parts

63
Q

midsagittal (median) plane

A

cut into right and left halves

64
Q

parasagittal plane

A

not on midline

65
Q

frontal plane (coronal)

A

vertical cut into anterior and posterior parts

66
Q

transverse planes (horizontal) (cross section)

A

horizontal cut into superior and inferior parts

67
Q

oblique section

A

diagonal cut

68
Q

longitudinal sections

A

made by a cut along the long axis of a structure could be frontal or median

69
Q

anatomical variability

A

over 90% of all anatomical structures match textbook descriptions but;
a, nerves and blood vessels ma be out of place
b, small muscles may be missing

70
Q

dorsal cavity

A

protects nervous systems
Cranial cavity: encloses brain
Vertebral cavity: encloses spinal cord

71
Q

ventral cavity

A

protects thoracic and abdominal organs (viscera)

2 subdivisions-separated by diaphragm

72
Q

thoracic cavity

A 
3 subdivisions
2 pleural cavities-each house a lung
Mediastinum:
  superior portion- surrounds esophagus, trachea, large blood vessels
  pericardial cavity- encloses heart
73
Q

abdominopelvic cavity

A 
subdivisions; not physically separate, lies in bony pelvis
  abdominal cavity(superior)- stomach, spleen, intestines and liver
  pelvic cavity(inferior)- urinary bladder, reproductive organs, rectum
74
Q

membranes in ventral body cavity

A 
serous membrane (serosa)-outer wall
thin double layered membrane separated by serous fluid
parietal serosa lines internal body walls
visceral serosa covers the internal organs
--serous fluid allows body organs to move without friction
75
Q

abdominopelvic regions and quadrants

A

pics

76
Q

oral and digestive cavities

A

teeth and tongue

77
Q

nasal cavity

A

respiratory, posterior nose

78
Q

orbital cavities

A

eye sockets

79
Q

middle ear cavities

A

location of ossicles- medial to eardrums

80
Q

synovial cavities

A

joint cavities eg. knee, elbow

A&P (29 decks)

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