Ch. 6

Question 1

Membrane-enclosed structures within eukaryotic cells

Answer 1

Organelles

Question 2

Which microscope is used to study subcellular structures?

Answer 2

Electron microscope

Question 3

What microscope is best to use to study the surface of a specimen?

Answer 3

Scanning electron microscope

Question 4

Which microscope allows you to study the internal structure of cells?

Answer 4

Transmission electron microscope

Question 5

A technique that takes cells apart and separates the major organelles from one another

Answer 5

Cell fractionation

Question 6

All cells are surrounded by a selective barrier called….

Answer 6

The plasma membrane

Question 7

What are 4 of the basic features of all cells?

Answer 7

Plasma membrane, cytosol, chromosomes, ribosomes

Question 8

Because a prokaryotic cell doesn’t have a nucleus, where is the DNA found? And is this region bound or unbound?

Answer 8

Nucleoid

Unbound

Question 9

What is the region between the nucleus and the plasma membrane of a eukaryotic cell?

Answer 9

Cytoplasm

Question 10

What are the three important parameters of microscopy?

Answer 10

Magnification, resolution, contrast

Question 11

The ____________ is a selective barrier that allows sufficient passage of oxygen, nutrients, and waste to service the volume of every cell

Answer 11

Plasma membrane

Question 12

As a cell increases in size, ________ increases faster than its ___________

Answer 12

Volume, surface area

Question 13

How is it possible for hydrophilic proteins to embed into the hydrophobic tails of the phospholipids that make up the plasma membrane bilayer?

Answer 13

Because proteins contain hydrophobic R groups

Question 14

Which organelle contains most of the genes in a eukaryotic cell? Where are additional genes located?

Answer 14

Nucleus

Mitochondria and chloroplasts

Question 15

True or false?

Small cells have a smaller surface area relative to volume

Answer 15

False.

Small cells have a greater surface area relative to volume

Question 16

The shape of the nucleus is maintained by what? It is a network of protein filaments

Answer 16

The nuclear lamina

Question 17

The nucleus is separated from the cytoplasm by a membrane called the…

Answer 17

Nuclear envelope

Question 18

In the nucleus, DNA is organized into discrete units called…
They carry genetic information

Answer 18

Chromosomes

Question 19

Together, the DNA and proteins of chromosomes are called…

Answer 19

Chromatin

Question 20

What structure is located within the nucleus and is the site of ribosomal RNA synthesis

Answer 20

Nucleolus

Question 21

What organelles carry out protein synthesis? In what two locations does this occur?

Answer 21

Ribosomes carry out protein synthesis

Cytosol (free ribosomes)
Outside of ER or nuclear envelope (bound ribosomes)

Question 22

What type of ribosomes synthesize proteins that are inserted into membranes and packaged into organelles such as ribosomes or exported from the cell?

Answer 22

Bound ribosomes

Question 23

The endomembrane system includes:

Answer 23

Nuclear envelope
Endoplasmic reticulum 
Golgi apparatus
Lysosomes
Vacuoles
Plasma membrane

Question 24

What are the two regions of ER and what is the difference between them?

Answer 24

Smooth ER- lacks ribosomes

Rough ER- studded with ribosomes on surface

Question 25

What is the membrane factory for the cell?

Answer 25

Rough ER

Question 26

What are the functions of smooth ER?

Answer 26

Synthesizes lipids Metabolizes carbohydrates Detoxifies drugs and proteins Stores calcium ions

Question 27

The bound ribosomes of the rough ER secrete what?

Answer 27

Glycoproteins

Question 28

What are the functions of the Golgi apparatus?

Answer 28

Modifies products of the ER (sorting) Manufactured certain macromolecules Sorts and packages materials into transport vesicles (delivery)

Question 29

A membranous sac of hydrolytic enzymes that can digest macromolecules

Answer 29

Lysosome

Question 30

Engulfing another cell

Answer 30

Phagocytosis

Question 31

What does the process of phagocytosis form?

Answer 31

Food vacuole

Question 32

Recycling the cell's organelles and macromolecules

Answer 32

Autophagy

Question 33

Out of phagocytosis and autophagy, which one is from inside and outside of the cell?

Answer 33

Phagocytosis- outside of cell | Autophagy- inside of cell

Question 34

Matching A) Food vacuole B) central vacuole C) contractile vacuole 1. Freshwater protists 2. Plants 3. Animals

Answer 34

A. 3 B. 2 C. 1

Question 35

The sites of cellular respiration

Answer 35

Mitochondria

Question 36

What are the sites of photosynthesis?

Answer 36

Chloroplasts

Question 37

The foldings of mitochondria

Answer 37

Cristae

Question 38

An oxidative organelle is?

Answer 38

Peroxisome

Question 39

What do peroxisomes produce and then what is the product converted to?

Answer 39

Hydrogen peroxide | Water

Question 40

Network of fibers extending through the cytoplasm that provides mechanical support and maintains the cell's shape

Answer 40

Cytoskeleton

Question 41

What three molecular structures are part of the cytoskeleton?

Answer 41

Microtubules, microfilaments, intermediate filaments

Question 42

What are the functions of the cytoskeleton?

Answer 42

Cell support, Storage, structure, mobility, cell division, anchor for organelle attachement

Question 43

A motor protein is powered by what?

Answer 43

ATP

Question 44

What motor protein drives the bending movements of cilia and flagellum?

Answer 44

Dynein

Question 45

What anchors cilia and flagellum?

Answer 45

Basal body

Question 46

The structural role of microfilaments is to __________ resisting pulling forces within the cell

Answer 46

Bear tension

Question 47

What protein do microfilaments contain that helps in muscle contraction?

Answer 47

Myosin

Question 48

Circular flow of cytoplasm within cells

Answer 48

Cytoplasmic streaming

Question 49

Extracellular structure that distinguishes plant cells from animal cells

Answer 49

Cell wall

Question 50

What type of fibers make up the cell wall?

Answer 50

Cellulose fibers

Question 51

What are the functions of the cell wall?

Answer 51

Maintain shape, prevent excessive uptake of water, support plant against gravity

Question 52

Since animal cells don't have cell walls, what do they have instead?

Answer 52

Extracellular matrix

Question 53

What is the ECM made up of?

Answer 53

Glycoproteins such as collagen, proteoglycans, and fibronectin

Question 54

What are the functions of the ECM?

Answer 54

Support, adhesion, movement, regulation

Question 55

Channels allowing cytosol to pass between plant cells...

Answer 55

Plasmodesmata

Question 56

True or false? Water and small solutes can pass freely from cell to cell

Answer 56

True