ch 6

Question 1

similiarites of bacteria and archaea

Answer 1

both are unicellular and prokaryotes

Question 1

what are the two domains of prokaryotes

Answer 1

bacteria and archaea

Question 2

differences

Answer 2

different cell walls and membranes, different molecules involved in DNA replication

Question 3

bacteria = 70 ribosomes and unique peptidoglycan archaea= 80 ribosomes, unique phospholipids

Question 4

Why biologists study bacteria and archaea?

Answer 4

For Biological impact , Medical importance and Some microbes thrive in extreme environments

Question 5

Examples of biological impact

Answer 5

ancient - fossils date to 3.5 bya. Archaeans were the only life for 1.7 by
Abundant ->
only 10,000 named species,
Contain half of carbon and and 90% of N and P
Ubiquitous ->
Everywhere, habitat diversity

Question 6

where are bacteria and archaea found

Answer 6

1. Found in anaerobic habitats- methagones usually
   (swamps, animal intestines)
2. Hot springs and Volcanoes
3. Ocean depths to 10,000 m
4. Hypertonic salt flats

Question 7

what are Extremophiles

Answer 7

= prokryotes that thrive in extreme environments

Question 8

what is a A pathogen

Answer 8

disease causing organism, produces toxins

Question 9

between archaea and bacertia which one has pathogens

Answer 9

)Archaea - only one known pathogen so far(2004)

(2) Bacteria - only a small fraction are pathogens
some devastating epidemics were caused by pathogenic bacteria (black plague, leprosy,tuberculosis, meningitis, pneumonia, etc.)

Question 10

what did Koch’s 4 postulates comfirm

Answer 10

Confirmed a link between a specific microbe and a specific disease

Question 11

whare the 4 postulates

Answer 11

1)
Associate microbe in all individuals with the disease; absent in all healthy individuals

(2)
Isolate pathogen from sick individual and grow in pure culture away from the host organism

(3)
Inoculate healthy animal with original microbe; disease should appear

(4)
Re-isolate original pathogen from experimental animal

Question 12

what is the Germ Theory of Disease

Answer 12

the theory that certain diseases are caused by the invasion of the body by microorganisms,

Question 13

what is the pattern and process component

Answer 13

pattern component= certain diseases are infectious (can be passed among people)
process component= transmission & reproduction of certain bacteria & viruses

Question 14

antibiotics=

Answer 14

molecules that kill bacteria or stop them from reproducing and are made made by many soil bacteria & fungi (to reduce competition for nutrients)

Question 15

when were antibiotics discovered

Answer 15

discovered in 1928; widespread use starting in late 1940s

Question 16

bioremediation

Answer 16

–use of bacteria & archaea to degrade pollutants

Question 17

What does virulence mean?

Answer 17

he severity or harmfulness of a disease or poison.

Question 18

stratergies of bioremediation

Answer 18

1) fertilizing contaminated sites to encourage the growth of existing prokaryotes (natural
decomposers)
(2) “seeding”  add specific species of prokaryotes to contaminated sites