ch 29 pt 2 Flashcards
How do biologists study fungi
By analyzing morhpholgical traits
what are the two growth forms of fungi
single celled forms ( yeasts) and multicellular (mycelia)
what is mycelium
body of fungus; composed of filaments called hyphae
A mycelium grows toward
food, dies when there is none
they can get very big if
food is abundant
what is hyphae (sing. hypha)
tiny filaments making up mycelium & reproductive structures
most have _ nuclei and _ cell wall
haploid, and chitin
what are the two types of cell wall
septate and coenocytic
what is septate wall
cross walls which divide the hyphae into cell-like compartments
what is coenocytic wall
hyphae which lack septa & are multinucleated
Mycelia Have a Large Surface Area
they have the _ of all multicellular organisms
Highest S.A. / Vol ratio
why is a hugh sa good and why is it bad
excellent for absorbing nutrients
(3) Prone to drying out - limits fungi to moist environment
Reproductive Structures are _ spores
haploiud spores
asexual spores
1 parent, genetically identical
(b) Many fungal species only reproduce asexually.
sexual spores
haploid dominant life cycle (almost all)
(b) made by meiosis
(c) main basis for classification
why fungal diseases are hard to trea
drugs that affect fungi often affect animals
evidence for why fungi and animals are related
chitin - synthesized by fungi (cell walls) & by most animals
(b) As in fungal chytrids, animal flagella are single & on posterior of reproductive cells.
(c) glycogen energy storage in both fungi & animals
90% of plants have mutualistic symbioses with mycorrhizzae (“fungus root”
lichen=
symbiosis between a fungus & cyanobacteria or green algae
3 structural types of lichen
a) crustose very flat
(b) foliose “leafy”
(c) fruticose highly branched
ecological impact of lichen
winter food to grazing mammals
slowly form soil
bioindicators of air quality
fruitcose=
highly branches
cructose
very flat
