CH 58 ex: 5

Question 0

Many fetuses with a facial defect also have ________ abnormalities.

Answer 0

chromosomal

Question 1

Fetal facial evaluation is not routinely included in a basic fetal scan, but when there is a _____ history of craniofacial malformation or when another _____ anomaly is found, the face should be screened for a coexisting facial malformation.

Answer 1

family

congenital

Question 2

The fetal forehead (frontal bone) appears as a ______ surface with differentiation of the nose, lips, and chin seen anteriorly.

Answer 2

curvilinear

Question 3

Anterior cephaloceles may arise from the frontal bone or midface causing widely spaced orbits, a condition called _____.

Answer 3

Hypertolerism

Question 4

Premature closure of any or all six of the cranial sutures, a condition known as _____, causes the fetal cranium to become abnormally shaped.

Answer 4

craniosynostosis

Question 5

Cloverleaf skull or ____ appears as an unusually misshapen skull with a cloverleaf appearance in the anterior view.

Answer 5

Kleeblattschadel

Question 6

Cloverleaf skull has been associated with numerous skeletal dysplasia, most notably ______ and _______.

Answer 6

Thanatophoric dysplasia

ventriculomegaly

Question 7

________ (premature closure of the metopic suture) may cause the forehead to have an elongated (tall) appearance in the sagittal plane and to appear triangular in the axial plane.

Answer 7

Trigonocephaly

Question 8

______ may be observed in a fetus with a lemon-shaped skull (from spina bifida) or with skeletal dysplasias.

Answer 8

Frontal bossing

Question 9

Underdevelopment of the middle structures of the face is ___ or ___ hypoplasia with depressed or absent nasal bridge.

Answer 9

midface

maxillary

Question 10

Midface hypoplasia may be seen in fetuses with chromosome anomalies such as trisomy ___, craniosynostosis syndromes such as Aspert’s syndrome, or limb and skeletal abnormalities such as achondroplasia, chondrodysplasia punctata, asphyxiating thoracic dysplasia , and others.

Answer 10

21

Question 11

A median-cleft face syndrome consisting of a range of midline facial defects involving the eyes, forehead, and nose is ____.

Answer 11

Frontonasal dysplasia

Question 12

The optimum gestational age for the measurement of fetal NT is ___ weeks’ gestation to ___ weeks ____ days’ gestation.

Answer 12

11
13
6

Question 13

Fetal crown-rump length should be within range of ___ mm to ___ mm.

Answer 13

45

84

Question 14

Tongue protrusion may suggest macroglossia (enlarged tongue), a condition found in _____-______ syndrome (congenital overgrowth of tissues).

Answer 14

Beckwith-Wiedemann

Question 15

Mandibular length or AP diameter, is assessed by measuring from the ____ to _____.

Answer 15

rami

rami

Question 16

Mandibular length, or AP diameter, is assessed by measuring from the _____ of the mandible to the _____ of the lateral width line.

Answer 16

Mentum

bisection

Question 17

Micrognathia is associated with many conditions that can be subdivided into three groups of anomalies: ______ anomalies, ____ dysplasias, and primary ______ disorders.

Answer 17

Chromosomal
skeletal
mandibular

Question 18

The sonographer must document the presence of both eyes and must assess the overall size of the eyes to exclude ______ (small eyes) and _____ (absent eyes).

Answer 18

microphthalmia

anopthalmia

Question 19

A condition characterized by decreased distance between the orbits is ______ .

Answer 19

hypotelorism

Question 20

____ is characterized by abnormally widely spaced orbits.

Answer 20

hypertolerism

Question 21

The contour of the nose, upper and lower lips, and chin is observed in a(n) _____ plane.

Answer 21

profile

Question 22

Evaluation of the nasal triad should assess _____, ______, and _______.

Answer 22

nostril
nasal septum integrity
continuity of upper lip to exclude symmetry cleft lip & palate

Question 23

____ lip with or without cleft palate represents the most common congenital anomaly of the face.

Answer 23

Cleft

Question 24

Defects range from clefting of the lip alone to involvement of the ____ & _____ palate, which may extend into the nose and in rare cases to the inferior border of the orbit.

Answer 24

hard

soft

Question 25

Isolated cleft lip may occur as a unilateral or bilateral defect, and when unilateral, it commonly originates on the ___ side of the face.

Answer 25

left

Question 26

In fetuses with epignathus, ______ may be impaired, resulting in hydraminos.

Answer 26

swallowing