Ch 55

Question 1

Community

Answer 1

Spp that occur at any particular locality.
Spp richness
# of spp present
Primarily productive - Amount of energy produced

Question 2

Ecotones

Answer 2

Places where the environment can change abruptly, can change abundance
Soil, salinity, landscape not uniform

Question 3

Ecological Niche

Answer 3

Space utilization, food consumption, temp range, appropriate conditions for mating, requirements for moisture and more
Fundamental vs realized
Fundamental - Entire niche that a spp is capable of using based on physiological tolerance and resource needs
Realized - Actual set of environmental conditions, presence or absence of spp. Actually located at

Question 4

Interspecific competition

Answer 4

2 different spp. attempt to use the same resource and there is not enough resources to satisfy both

Question 5

Interference competition

Answer 5

Physical interactions over access to resources (fighting or defending territory)

Question 6

Exploitative competition

Answer 6

Consuming the same resources

Question 7

Competitive exclusion
Principle of exclusion
Resource partitioning

Answer 7

Can occur when spp compete for limited resources
Principle of exclusion - If 2 spp are competing for a limited resource, the spp that uses resource more efficiently will eventually eliminate the other locally.
Resource partitioning - using different areas of a niche. Seen by similar spp that occupy same area.

Question 8

Predation

Answer 8

Consuming of one organism by another

Question 9

Mimicry
Batesian
Mullerian

Answer 9

Allows one spp to capitalize on defensive strategies of another
Batesian - Looks like other species but doesn’t have the defense. 1 spp has a chem the other does not but looks similar
Mullerian - Several unrelated spp morphologically look the same and behave the same. All have the same defense.

Question 10

Parasitism types
Ectoparasites
Parasitoids
Endoparasites

Answer 10

Ectoparasites - External - feed on exterior surface of an organism
Parasitoids - External - Insects that lay eggs on or in living hosts.
Endoparasites - Internal - Live inside host. Typically complex life cycles with many hosts

Question 11

3 Dynamic concepts in the process of succession

Answer 11

Establishment - early successional spp are characterized by r-selected spp. Tolerate harsh conditions
Facilitation - early succesional spp introduced local changes in the habitat. K-selected spp replace r-selected spp.
Inhibition - changes in the habitat caused by one spp inhibits the growth of original spp.

Question 12

Intermediated disturbance hypothesis

Answer 12

Communities experiencing moderate amounts of disturbance will have higher levels of spp richness than communities experiencing either little or great amounts of disturbance. Disturbance is common, how much greatly impacts communities.