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Organism Biology > Ch 34 > Flashcards

Ch 34 Flashcards

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1
Q

Phylum Echinodermata

A

Exclusively marine. Deuterostomes with an endoskeleton. Pentaradial symmetry.
Sea stars, brittle stars, sea urchins, sand dollars, sea cucumbers
Water vascular systems. Tube feet. Ampulla - Muscular sac at base, used in movement, feeding, gas exchange 600MYA

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2
Q

Class Asteriodea

A

(Sea stars) Starfish and sea daisies. 5 or multiple of 5 arms. Predators

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3
Q

Class Crinoidea

A

Sea lilies and feather stars. Capture debris

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4
Q

Class Holothuroidea

A

Sea cucumber. 5 part body plan

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5
Q

Class Ophiuroidea

A

Brittle stars (largest class) Arms equal diameter for entire length.

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6
Q

Class Echinoidea

A

Sea urchins, sand dollars. Lack arms. Double rows of tube feet

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7
Q

Phylum Chordata

A

Chordate endoskeleton is different than echinoderm endoskeleton. Fish, amphibians, reptiles, birds, and mammals

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8
Q

Chordate features

A

Notochord (maybe replaced by vertebral column), Nerve cord, Pharyngeal slits, Post anal tail.
Also segmented blocks, somites

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9
Q

Chordate subphyla

A

Urochordata (non vert)
Cephalochordata (non vert)
Vertebrata

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10
Q

Subphylum Urochordata

A

Tunicates and salps (marine) Free swimming larva. Adults sessile filter feeders.
Secrete a tunic (cellulose sac) surrounds animals

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11
Q

Subphylum Cephalochordata

A

Lancelets-scaleless chordates. Partially buried most of life. No distinguishable head. Feed on plankton using cilia generated currents. Closest relative to verts as notochord persists throughout animal life

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12
Q

Subphylum Vertebrata

A

Distinguish from nonverts
1 Vertebral column (encloses and protects the dorsal nerve cord)
2 Head (Distinct and well differentiated possessing sensory organs (Smell, taste, etc))
Vert distinguish from other chordates
1 Neural crest - unique group of embryonic cells that form and migrate to various locations in the developing embryo ultimately forming many vert structures
2 Internal organs - liver, kidneys, endocrine glands, heart, closed circulatory systems
3 Endoskeleton - made of cartilage or bone (allow great size and movement)

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13
Q

Fishes characteristics
Class Myxini
Class Cephalaspidomorphi
Placoderms
Acanthodians

A

1 vertebral column
2 Jaws and paired appendages
3 Internal gills
4 Single-loop blood circulation
5 Nutritional deficiencies

Class Myxini - Hagfish
Class Cephalaspidomorphi - Lampreys
Placoderms - Armored fishes
Acanthodians - Spiny fishes
1/2 of all verts

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14
Q

Class Chondrichthyes

A

Sharks, skates, rays.
Skeleton ‘calcified’ with granules of calcium carbonate
Teeth - scales
Lateral line systems - sensory organs under skin that detects changes in pressure waves
Sharks - Internal fertilized eggs, pups born alive.

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15
Q

Bony fish
Class Actinopterygii
Class Sarcopterygii

A

superclass Osteichthyes. Swim bladder and gill cover (operculum)
Class Actinopterygii - Ray finned fishes. parallel bony rays support and stiffen fins, no muscles
Class Sarcopterygii - Lobe finned fishes. Paired fins consist of long fleshy muscular lobe. (Amphibian ancestors? Tetrapods(4 legs))

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16
Q

Class Amphibian

A

1st vert to walk on land, descendants of fishes
5 distinguishing features
1 Legs
2 Lungs
3 Pulmonary veins (lungs)
4 Cutaneous respiration
5 Partially divided heart
Ichthyostenga and Tiktaalik

17
Q

Order Anura

A

Frogs and toads
Frogs smooth, moist, long legs. Aquatic
Toads bumpy, dry, short legs. Dry

18
Q

Order Caudata

A

Salamanders. Long bodies, tails. Smooth, moist skin. Moist places, eggs fertilized internally by sperm packet. Larvae similar to adults

19
Q

Order Apoda

A

Caecilians. Tropical burrowing amphibians. Legless, small eyes, jaws with teeth. Internal fertilization

20
Q

Class Reptilia

A

3 key features
1 Amniotic eggs (watertight)
2 Dry skin (prevents water loss)
3 Thoracic breathing (increase lung capacity)

Two important developments - Internal fertilization, improved circulation. Septum in heart
10,000 spp

21
Q

Amniotic eggs

A

Chorion - Outermost layer, allows gas exchange. Small pores, no water loss
Amnion - Encases embryo in fluid filled cavity
Yolk sac - Provides food through blood vessels attached to gut
Allantois - Contains excreted wastes from embryo

22
Q

Anapsids, Synapsids, Diapsids

A

Anapsids - no hole, turtles
Synapsids - 1 hole in head
Diapsids - 2 holes in head
Reptiles

23
Q

Ectothermic vs endothermic

A

Ecto - obtain body heat from external heat
Endo - generate heat internally

24
Q

Order Chelonia

A

Turtles and tortoises
Turtles - streamline water
Tortoises - Dome terrestrial

25
Q

Order Rhynchocephalia

A

Tuataras. Lizard like in New Zealand. Burrows during day feeds at night

26
Q

Order Squamata

A

Lizards and snakes. Carnivores. Presence of paired copulatory organs in males.

27
Q

Order Crocodylia

A

Croc and alligators. 25 spp. Aquatic carnivores. Eyes on top of head, nostrils on top of snout, enormous mouth, strong neck. Build nest, 4 chambered hearts

28
Q

Class Aves

A

10,000 spp. Most diverse of terrestrial verts.
Feathers- hooks, barbs, and barbule,
Flight skeleton - bones thin and hollow.
Scales on legs, amniotic eggs
Adaptations for flight
1 efficient respiration - passes lungs to air sacs then lungs in single direction
2 efficient circulation - 4 chambered heart
3 Endothermy - high metabolic rate

29
Q

Class Mammalia

A

5,000 spp. Lowest over 5 vert classes. 4,000 spp are rodents, bats, shrews, or moles.
1 Hair - Long, keratin-rich filaments. 2 Mammary glands
Placenta in most mammals
Other adaptations
1 Specialized teeth 2 Digestion of plants 3 Development of hooves, horns, claws, fingernails 4 (Bats flying)

30
Q

2 Mammal subclasses

A

Prototheria - Monotremes (platypus) (Eggs)
Theria - Viviparous (Born alive) Marsupials and Placental mammals

31
Q

Order Primates
Prosimiasn
Anthropoids

A

Prosimians - lemurs, lorises, tarsiers. Large eyes for body, mostly nocturnal
Anthropoids - Apes, monkeys, humans. Color vision, eye position, expanded brain. Complex social interactions. New world and Old world monkeys

32
Q

Hominoids

A

Apes- gibbons, orangutans, gorillas, chimpanzees. Lack tail, Knuckle walking.
Genus Homo 3-7 spp. Homo habilis, Homo erectus, Homo ergaster
Homo floresiensis - Indonesian island
Homo naledi
Modern Humans, Homo heidelbergensis, H. neanderthalensis, H. sapiens.

Organism Biology (14 decks)

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