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Psychology of Personality > Ch 5: The motive perspective > Flashcards

Ch 5: The motive perspective Flashcards

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1
Q

Underlying Assumption to Human Behaviour

A
  • human behaviour is best understood as a reflection of underlying needs
  • individual differences in needs may explain people’s behaviours
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2
Q

What is a Need?

A

-lack of something necessary for well-being

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3
Q

Internal directional force

A
  • the lack of something necessary can motivate us

- this force determines how we seek/respond to environment

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4
Q

Positive needs

A

approach

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5
Q

Negative needs

A

avoidance

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6
Q

Primary needs

A

based on biological nature

  • food, sleep, water
  • must be satisfied repeatedly over time
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7
Q

Secondary needs

A

psychological based

-power, achievement, affiliation

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8
Q

Needs & behaviour

A
  • the stronger the need, the more intense the action
  • helps set priorities
  • needs result in and work through motives
  • people have multiple needs & motives
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9
Q

Basic Elements: Motives

A
  • influenced by underlying needs
  • close to behaviour
  • when motives are strong they influence behaviour strongly
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10
Q

Press (pressure)

A
  • an external force that influences motives, creates desire or avoidance of something beyond need
    ex: peers (marriage/children —-> motive for relationship)
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11
Q

Needs & Press

A

needs might fuse: gain both achievement & affiliation at work

  • needs might serve eachother: order & achievement
  • needs might in conflict: autonomy & affiliation (ex teenagers)
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12
Q

Motive States

A

-motives vary across time & situations(states)

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13
Q

Motive Dispositions

A
  • ppl generally have different levels of needs (dispositions) which influence behaviour
  • some ppl naturally have more of a given need than others
  • helps from a picture of personality
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14
Q

Motive Strengths:

A

shift depending on need being satisfied; resulting in different behaviours

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15
Q

Murray’s System of Needs (1938)

A
  • emphasizes universal basic needs
  • focuses on secondary psych needs
  • generated lists of needs that underlie personality
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16
Q

Dispositional Tendencies (Murray’s system of needs 1938)

A
  • recognizes differing dispositional need levels among people; leads to uniqueness of personality
  • everyone has some basic needs; but have dispositional tendencies toward a particular level of that need
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17
Q

Thematic Apperception Test (TAT) by Murray & Morgan (1935)

A

assesses latent needs by presenting a set of ambiguous pictures and asking people to tell a detailed story
-latent needs: projected into the story’s content
dispositional tendencies: emerge over multiple pictures

18
Q

TAT Scoring

A
  • difficult & long

- requires intensive training

19
Q

Apperception

A

-perceiving stimuli in light of one’s own experiences and motives

20
Q

Underlying Assumptions for TAT (2)

A

Manifest needs: needs reflected in OVERT behaviour

Latent needs: needs not reflected in behaviour

21
Q

Achievement

A

attaining goals, overcoming obstacles

  • people low in need for achievement prefer tasks that are either very easy or very hard
  • doing poorly on a hard problem doesn’t reflect badly on them & there’s always the possibility of success

people high in need for achievement tend to prefer tasks of moderate difficulty & work harder on these moderately difficult tasks than on very hard ones or very easy ones.

22
Q

Affiliation

A

building relationships, choosing to be with others

23
Q

Power

A

dominance, controlling people, narcissistic, want to be seen as authoritative & influential
-ppl with high need for power & strong sense of responsibility: power motive yields a conscientious pursuit of prestige & is expressed in socially accepted ways

24
Q

When The Need for Power becomes problematic

A

-for those w/o sense of responsibility: the power motive leads to problematic ways of influencing others, aggressiveness, sexual exploitation, alcohol & drug abuse

25
Q

Patterned needs

A

patterns of several needs at once, sometimes in combination w/ other characteristics
ex: a low need for affiliation + a high need for power

26
Q

Inhibited power motivation

A

being low in need for affiliation let’s the person make tough decisions w/o worrying about being disliked
(a person high in need for power)

27
Q

Inhibiting the use of power

A

-means the person will want to follow orderly procedures & stay within the norms
(a person high in self control)

28
Q

Incentives

A
  • the degree to which a given action can satisfy a need for you
  • personalized weighting of how relevant an act is to the need
  • determines how a motive is expressed in actions
  • accounts for behavioural diversity
  • Relates to (conscious) choices of action within a domain vs. needs (influence behaviour at non-conscious level)
29
Q

Needs & Incentives

A

-both influence behavior but in different ways

30
Q

Implicit motive

A

-person may or may not be aware of them
(motives)
-more basic, primitive & autonomic
-ex “the feeling of doing better” for the need of achievement
-good predictors of broad behavioral tendencies over time

31
Q

Self-attributed motive

A

-what’s measured by self reports
(incentives)
-relate to specific action goals & they are better at predicting responses in structured settings

32
Q

Picture Story Excersie (PSE)

A

people are viewing a set of ambiguous pictures, in which it isn’t clear what’s happening. They’re asked to create a story about each picture. The story should describe what’s happening, the characters’ thoughts and feelings, their relationships to eachother and the outcome of the situation

  • through apperception, the themes that are manifested in the stories reflect the story-teller’s implicit motives
  • most associated w/motive perspective
33
Q

Scoring for Achievement motive

A

events that involve overcoming obstacles, attaining goals & having positive feelings about those activities

34
Q

Scoring for Affiliation motive

A

events in which people choose to be with other people and stories that emphasize relationships among people

35
Q

Scoring for Power motive

A

controlling others

36
Q

Personlogy

A

the study of individual lives & the factors that influence their course
-more meaningful because of its emphasis on the persons; life history

37
Q

Trait+ Situation = Behaviour

A
  • interindividual differences
  • describes stability/struture
  • interaction between traits and external factors
38
Q

Need&Press + Motive = Behaviour

A
  • intraindividual differences
  • explains change and stability
  • direct link between inner state and experience
  • external factors part of model: influence of press
39
Q

Personality Research Form (PRF)

A

Good internal consistency and test-retest reliability

40
Q

Multi-Motive Grind

A
  • Combines aspects of TAT with questionnaire
  • 18 pictures presented (1-4 only warm-up), variety of situations linked to performance, control, social acceptance
  • Statements that represent important motives
  • easy to score
41
Q

6 Variables for MMG

A

Achievement: hope for success, fear of failure

Power: desire for control, fear of loss of power

Affiliation: hope for social acceptance, fear of rejection

42
Q

Behaviour

A
  • a system of multiple needs
  • each motive exists in everyone
  • the changing balance of the relative intensity of needs at any given time

Psychology of Personality (10 decks)

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