Ch. 5 Terms and Abbv.

Question 1

amino acids

Answer 1

small building blocks of proteins, released when proteins are digested

Question 2

amylase

Answer 2

enzyme (-ase) secreted by the pancreas and salivary glands to digest starch

Question 3

bile

Answer 3

digestive juice made in the liver and stored in the gallbladder. Breaks up large fat globules

Question 4

cecum

Answer 4

first part of the large intestine

Question 5

common bile duct

Answer 5

carries bile from the liver and gallbladder to the duodenum. Also called choledochus

Question 6

deglutition

Answer 6

swallowing

Question 7

emulsification

Answer 7

breaking up large fat globules into smaller globules, increasing surface area that enzymes can use to digest the fat

Question 8

enzyme

Answer 8

chemical that speeds up a reaction between substances

Question 9

esophagus

Answer 9

tube connecting the throat to the stomach

Question 10

gallbladder

Answer 10

small sac under the liver; stores bile

Question 11

glucose

Answer 11

simple sugar

Question 12

glycose

Answer 12

starch

Question 13

hydrochloric acid

Answer 13

substance produced in the stomach; aids digestions

Question 14

ileum

Answer 14

third part of the small intestine

Question 15

incisor

Answer 15

any one of four front teeth in the dental arch

Question 16

insulin

Answer 16

hormone produced by the endocrine cells of the pancreas. Helps transplant sugar into body cells

Question 17

jejunum

Answer 17

second part of the small intestine

Question 18

lipase

Answer 18

pancreatic enzyme necessary to digest fats

Question 19

lower esophageal sphincter (LES)

Answer 19

ring of muscles between the esophagus and the stomach. Also called cardiac sphincter

Question 20

mastication

Answer 20

chewing

Question 21

palate

Answer 21

roof of mouth

Question 22

pancreas

Answer 22

organ behind the stomach; produces insulin and enzymes

Question 23

papillae

Answer 23

small projections on the tongue. Taste buds are within the papillae

Question 24

parotid gland

Answer 24

salivary gland within the cheek, just anterior to the ear

Question 25

peristalsis

Answer 25

rhythmic contractions of the tubular organs

Question 26

pharynx

Answer 26

throat, the common passageway for food from the mouth and air from the nose

Question 27

portal vein

Answer 27

large vein bringing blood to the liver from the intestines

Question 28

protease

Answer 28

enzyme that digests protein

Question 29

pulp

Answer 29

soft tissue within a tooth, contains nerves and blood vessels

Question 30

pyloric sphincter

Answer 30

ring of muscle at the end of the stomach, near the duodenum

Question 31

pylorus

Answer 31

distal region of the stomach, opening to the duodenum

Question 32

rugae

Answer 32

ridges on the hard palate and the wall of the stomach

Question 33

saliva

Answer 33

digestive juice produces by salivary glands

Question 34

sigmoid colon

Answer 34

lower, S-shaped segment of the colon, just before the rectum; empties into rectum

Question 35

triglycerides

Answer 35

fat molecules composed of three parts fatty acids and one part glycerol. Subgroup of lipids

Question 36

uvula

Answer 36

soft tissue hanging from the middle of the soft palate

Question 37

villi

Answer 37

microscopic projections in the wall of the small intestine that absorb nutrients into the bloodstream