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Medical Terminology Ch1-Ch11, Words & Abbv. > Ch. 11 - Terms and Abbv. > Flashcards

Ch. 11 - Terms and Abbv. Flashcards

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USMLE® Step 1 flashcards
1
Q

aorta

A

largest artery in the body

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2
Q

apex of the heart

A

lower tip of the heart

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3
Q

arteriole

A

small artery

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4
Q

artery

A

largest type of blood vessel;
carries blood AWAY from the heart to all the parts of the body

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5
Q

atrioventricular bundle (bundle of His)

A

Specialized muscle fibers connecting the atria with the ventricles and transmitting electrical impulses between them.

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6
Q

atrioventricular node
(AV node)

A

specialized tissue in the wall between the atria.
Electrical impulses pass from the pacemaker (SA node) through the AV node and the atrioventricular bundle towards the ventricles.

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7
Q

atrium, atria

A

one of two upper chambers of the heart

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8
Q

capillary

A

smallest type of blood vessel.
Materials pass to and from the bloodstream through the thin capillary walls.

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9
Q

carbon dioxide (CO2)

A

gas (waste) released by body cells, transported via veins to the heart, and then the lungs for exhalation

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10
Q

carotid arteries

A

2 common ones located on each side of the neck branch from the aorta and provide blood to the head, neck and brain.

pressure on these arteries produces unconsciousness.

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11
Q

coronary arteries

A

blood vessels that branch from the aorta and carry oxygen-rich blood to the heart muscle

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12
Q

deoxygenated blood

A

blood that is oxygen-poor

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13
Q

diastole

A

RELAXATION phase of the heartbeat

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14
Q

electrocardiogram

A

record of the elecrical activity of the heart

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15
Q

endocardium

A

inner lining of the heart

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16
Q

endothelium

A

innermost lining of blood vessels

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17
Q

mitral valve

A

valve between the left atrium and the left ventricle; bicuspid valve

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18
Q

murmur

A

abnormal swishing sound caused by improper closure of the heart valves

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19
Q

myocardium

A

muscular middle layer of the heart

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20
Q

normal sinus rhythm

A

heart rhythm originating in the sinoatrial node with a rate in patients at rest of 60-100 beats per minute

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21
Q

oxygen

A

gas that enters the blood through the lungs and travels to the heart to be pumped via arteries to all body cells

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22
Q

pacemaker (sinoatrial node)

A

specialised nervous tissue in the right atrium that begins the heartbeat.

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23
Q

pericardium

A

double-layered membrane surrounding the heart

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24
Q

pulmonary artery

A

artery carrying oxygen-poor blood from the heart to the lungs

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25
Q

pulmonary circulation

A

flow of blood from the heart to the lungs and back to the heart

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26
Q

pulmonary valve

A

valve positioned between the right ventricle and the pulmonary artery

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27
Q

pulmonary vein

A

one of two paris of vessels carrying oxygenated blood from the lungs to the left atrium of the heart

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28
Q

pulse

A

beat of the heart as felt through the walls of the arteries

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29
Q

septum, septa

A

partition or wall dividing a cavity;

right and left atria (interatrial septum) and right and left ventricles (intrerventricular septum)

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30
Q

sinoatrial node (SA node)

A

Pacemaker of the heart

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31
Q

sphygmomanometer

A

instrument to measure blood pressure

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32
Q

systemic circulation

A

flow of blood from body tissue to the heart and then from the heart back to the body tissues

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33
Q

systole

A

CONTRACTION phase of the heartbeat

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34
Q

tricuspid valve

A

located between the right atrium and the right ventricle

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35
Q

valve

A

structure in veins or in the heart that temporarily closes an opening so that blood flows in only one direction

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36
Q

vein

A

thin-walled vessel that carries blood from body tissues and lungs back to the heart.

Veins contain valves to prevent backflow of blood.

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37
Q

vena cava, venae cavae

A

largest vein in the body.
The superior and inferior venae cavae return blood to the right atrium of the heart.

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38
Q

ventricle

A

one of two lower chambers of the heart

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39
Q

venule

A

small vein

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40
Q

AAA

A

Abdominal Aortic Aneurysm

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41
Q

ACE inhibitor

A

Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme inhibitor

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42
Q

ACLS

A

Advanced Cardiac Life Support; CPR plus drugs and defibrillation

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43
Q

ACS

A

Acute Coronary Syndrome

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44
Q

ADP

A

adenosine diphosphate;

ADP blockers are used to prevent cardiovascular-related death, heart attack, and strokes and after all stent procedures

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45
Q

AED

A

Automatic External Defibrillator

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46
Q

AF, a-fib

A

Atrial Fibrillation

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47
Q

AICD

A

Automatic Implantable Cardioverter-Defibrillator

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48
Q

AMI

A

Acute Myocardial Infarction

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49
Q

ARB

A

Angiotensin II Receptor Blocker

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50
Q

ARVD

A

Arrhythmogenic Right Ventricular Dysplasia

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51
Q

AD

A

Aortic Disease

52
Q

ASD

A

Atrial Septal Defect

53
Q

AV, A-V

A

Atrioventricular

54
Q

AVR

A

Aortic Valve Replacement

55
Q

BBB

A

Bundle Branch Block

56
Q

BNP

A

Brain Natriuretic Peptide;
congestive heart Failure

57
Q

BP

A

Blood Pressure

58
Q

CARB

A

Coronary Artery Bypass Grafting

59
Q

CAD

A

Coronary Artery Disease

60
Q

CCTA

A

Coronary Computed Tomography Angiography

61
Q

CCU

A

Coronary Care Unit

62
Q

Cath

A

Catheterization

63
Q

CHF

A

Congestive Heart Failure

64
Q

CK

A

Creatine Kinase;

enzyme released after injury to heart muscles

65
Q

CoA

A

Coarctation of the Aorta

66
Q

CPR

A

Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation

67
Q

CRT

A

Cardiac Resynchronization Therapy;

biventricular pacing and defibrillation devices

68
Q

CTNI, cTnI;
CTNT, CTnT

A

Cardiac Troponin-I and Cardiac Troponin-T;

troponin is a protein released into the bloodstream after myocardial injury

69
Q

DES

A

Drug-Eluting Stent

70
Q

DOAC

A

Direct Oral Anticoagulant

71
Q

DSA

A

Digital Subtraction Angiography

72
Q

DVT

A

Deep Vein Thrombosis

73
Q

ECG; EKG

A

electrocardiography

74
Q

ECHO

A

Echocardiography

75
Q

ECMO

A

Extracorporeal Membrane Oxygenation

76
Q

EF

A

Ejection Fraction;

Measure of the amount of blood that pumps out of the heart with each beat

77
Q

EPS

A

Electrophysiology Study;

electrode catheters inserted in the veins and threaded into the heart to measure electrical conduction

78
Q

ETT

A

Exercise Tolerance Test

79
Q

ETT-MIBI

A

Exercise Tolerance Test combined with a radioactive tracer (sestamibi) scan

80
Q

EVAR

A

Endovascular Aneurysm Repair

81
Q

FFR

A

Fractional Flow Reserve

82
Q

HDL

A

High-Density Lipoprotein;

High blood levels mean lower incidence of coronary artery disease

83
Q

hsCRP

A

high-sensitivity C-reactive protein;

biomarker for inflammation in prediction of heart attack risk

84
Q

HTN

A

Hypertension (high blood pressure)

85
Q

IABP

A

Intra-Aortic Balloon Pump;

used to support patients in cardiogenic shock

86
Q

ICA

A

Invasive Coronary Angiography

87
Q

ICD

A

Implantable Cardioverter-Defibrillator

88
Q

IVUS

A

Intravascular Ultrasound

89
Q

LAD

A

Left Anterior Descending (coronary artery)

90
Q

LBBB

A

Left Bundle Branch Blocker

91
Q

LDL

A

Low-Density Lipoprotein;

high blood levels lead to cholesterol buildup in arteries

92
Q

LMWH

A

Low-Modular-Weight Heparin

93
Q

LV

A

Left Ventricle

94
Q

LVAD

A

Left Ventricle Assisted Death

95
Q

LVEF

A

Left Ventricle Ejection Fraction

96
Q

LVH

A

Left Ventricle Hypertrophy

97
Q

MI

A

Myocardial Infarction

98
Q

MUGA

A

Multiple-Gated Acquisition scan;

a radioactive test of heart function

99
Q

MVP

A

Mitral Valve Prolapse

100
Q

NSR

A

Normal Sinus Rhythm

101
Q

NT-proBNP

A

N-Terminal Pro-Peptide of BNP

102
Q

NSTEMI

A

Non-ST Elevation MI

103
Q

PAC

A

Premature Atrial Contraction

104
Q

PAD

A

Peripheral Arterial Disease

105
Q

PCI

A

Percutaneous Coronary Intervention

106
Q

PDA

A

Patent Ductus Arteriosus

107
Q

PE

A

Pulmonary Embolus

108
Q

PVC

A

Premature Ventricular Contraction

109
Q

RBBB

A

Right Bundle Branch Block

110
Q

SA, S-A node

A

Sinoatrial Node

111
Q

SCD

A

Sudden Cardiac Death

112
Q

SOB

A

Shortness of Breath

113
Q

SPECT

A

Single Photon Emission Computed Tomography;

used for myocardial imaging with sestamibi scans

114
Q

STEMI

A

ST Elevation Myocardial Infarction

115
Q

SVT

A

Supraventricular Tachycardia;

rapid heartbeats arising from the atria and causing palpitations, SOB, and dizziness

116
Q

TAVR

A

Transcatheter Aortic Valve Replacement

117
Q

TEE

A

Transesophageal Echocardiography

118
Q

TEVAR

A

Thoracic Endovascular Aneurysm Repair

119
Q

TGA

A

Transposition of the Great Arteries

120
Q

tPA

A

tissue-type Plasminogen Activator;

a drug used to prevent thrombosis

121
Q

UA

A

Unstable Angina;

chest pain at rest or of increasing frequency

122
Q

VF

A

Ventricular Fibrillation

123
Q

VSD

A

Ventricular Septal Defect

124
Q

VT

A

Ventricular Tachycardia

125
Q

WPW

A

Wolff-Parkinson-White syndrome;

abnormal ECG pattern associated with paroxysmal tachycardia

Medical Terminology Ch1-Ch11, Words & Abbv. (8 decks)

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