Ch. 2 Terms and Abbv.

Question 1

anabolism

Answer 1

process of building up large proteins from small pieces called amino acids

Question 2

catabolism

Answer 2

process whereby complex nutrients are broken down to simpler substances and energy is released

Question 3

cell membrane

Answer 3

structure surrounding and protecting the cell. Determines what enters and leaves the cell

Question 4

chromosomes

Answer 4

rod-shaped structures in the nucleus that contain regions of DNA called genes

Question 5

cytoplasm

Answer 5

all of the material that is outside the nucleus and yet contained within the cell membrane

Question 6

DNA

Answer 6

chemical found within each chromosome. Arranged like a sequence of recipes in code, directs the activities of the cell

Question 7

endoplasmic reticulum

Answer 7

network of canals within the cytoplasm of the cell. Where large proteins are made from smaller protein pieces

Question 8

genes

Answer 8

regions of DNA within each chromosome

Question 9

karyotype

Answer 9

picture (classification) of chromosomes in the nucleus of a cell.

Question 10

metabolism

Answer 10

total of the chemical process in a cell. Includes catabolism and anabolism.

Question 11

mitochondria

Answer 11

rod-shaped structures in the cytoplasm that provide the principal source of energy for the cell. Catabolism occurs in mitochondria

Question 12

nucleus

Answer 12

control center of the cell. Contains chromosomes and directs the activities of the cell.

Question 13

adipose tissue

Answer 13

collection of fat cells

Question 14

cartilage

Answer 14

flexible connective tissue often attached to bones at joints

Question 15

epithelial cells

Answer 15

skin cells that cover the outside of the body and line the internal surfaces of the organs

Question 16

histologist

Answer 16

specialist in the study of tissues

Question 17

larynx

Answer 17

voice box; located above the trachea

Question 18

pharynx

Answer 18

throat. Passageway for food and air

Question 19

pituitary gland

Answer 19

endocrine gland at the base of the brain

Question 20

thyroid gland

Answer 20

endocrine gland that surrounds the trachea in the neck

Question 21

trachea

Answer 21

windpipe

Question 22

ureter

Answer 22

one of the two tubes, each leading from a single kidney to the urinary bladder

Question 23

urethra

Answer 23

tube from the urinary bladder to outside of the body

Question 24

uterus

Answer 24

womb; the organ that holds the embryo/fetus as it develops

Question 25

viscera

Answer 25

internal organs in the main cavities of the body (abdomen)

Question 26

abdominal cavity

Answer 26

space below the chest containing organs (liver, stomach gallbladder and intestines); abdomen or peritoneal cavity

Question 27

cranial cavity

Answer 27

space in the head containing the brain and surrounded by the skull

Question 28

diaphragm

Answer 28

muscle separating the abdominal and thoracic cavities. Aids in breathing moving up and down

Question 29

dorsal (posterior)

Answer 29

pertaining to back

Question 30

mediastinum

Answer 30

centrally located space outside of and between the lungs

Question 31

pelvic cavity

Answer 31

space below the abdomen containing intestines, rectum, urinary bladder, and reproductive organs.

Question 32

peritoneum

Answer 32

double-folded membrane surrounding the abdominal cavity. Attaches abdominal viscera to muscles and functions as a protective membrane (containing blood vessels and nerves) around the organs

Question 33

pleura

Answer 33

double-folded membrane surrounding each lung

Question 34

pleural cavity

Answer 34

space between the pleura layers

Question 35

spinal cavity

Answer 35

space within the spinal column (backbones) containing the spinal cord

Question 36

thoracic cavity

Answer 36

space in the chest containing the heart, lungs, bronchial tubes, trachea, esophagus and other organs.

Question 37

ventral (anterior)

Answer 37

pertaining to the front