ch. 5 terms Flashcards
the ________________ system consists of the ___, _____, _____, sweat and sebaceous glands
integumentary, hair, skin, nails
the 2 regions of the skin are the _____ and ______
dermis, epidermis
________ (epidermis/dermis) is avascular and is the superficial, (thinner/thicker) region that consists of keratinized stratified squamous ET
epidermis, thinner
Epidermis consists of ______________ _____________ squamous ET
keratinized stratified
Hypodermis (is/is not) part of the skin but shares some of its ______ in that the hypodermis is the subcutaneous layer deep to skin and consists of areolar CT and adipose tissue
is not, functions
the dermis (vascular) underlies the ______ (hypodermis/epidermis) and is the deeper, thicker layer that consist of mostly ______ (fibrous/nonfibrous) connective tissue, areolar CT is superficial and dense ______ CT is the deeper region
epidermis, fibrous, irregular
Functions of the Hypodermis are absorbing shock, __________ and to anchor skin to underlying structures mostly muscles
insulating
_______ cells are sensory touch receptors located at epidermal-dermal junctions
tactile
The pigment melanin is packaged into is called
melanosomes
Stratum spinosum is several cell layers (thin/thick)
thick
_________cytes produce ________ (fibrous/nonfibrous) keratin protein
keratino, fibrous
______cytes are located in deepest epidermis and produce a pigment called ______ (hello choco _____ from the mothaland)
Melano, melanin
______ cells are star-shaped ______ that patrol deep layers of the epidermis
dendritic, macrophages
Stratum ________ is found only in thick skin with all (9/5) layers
lucidum, 5
Stratum basale is the ______ (deepest/most shallow) of all epidermal layers
deepest
the Five layers of Epidermis are: (Can Lucy Give Some Blood)
Corneum, lucidum, granulosum, spinosum, basale
______ cells are actively dividing, producing two daughter cells with each ______ division
stem, miotic
Stratum _______ is (4-6/5-7) cells thick and the cells are flattened
granulosum, 4-6
Epidermis is made up of __ or __ distinct layers
4, 5
Dermis Contains the
1. Nerves
2. _____ vessels
3. ______ vessels
4. ______ hair follicles
5. ____ glands
6. ______ glands
7. ______ muscle = arrector pili muscle
blood, lymphatic, epidermal, oil, sweat, smooth
Stratum corneum is the superficial layer of 20–30 rows of flat, ___________(keratinized, nonkeratinized), anuclear, dead cells that accounts for three-quarters of _______ (epidermal/dermal) thickness
keratinized, epidermal
do stratum corneum cells still function even if they’re dead?
yes
________ consists of Areolar CT and Dense Irregular CT
dermis
thick skin contains __ layers, whereas, thin layers contain only __ layers
5, 4
another name for layers is
strata
Dermis has Two Layers
1. ______ layer
2. ________ layer
papillary, reticular
Papillary Layer is the ________ (superficial/deep) layer of areolar CT
superficial
Friction ridges = ______ ridges + ______ ridges
dermal, epidermal
Reticular Layer has a network of blood vessels that nourishes reticular layer called (cutaneous/subcutaneous) plexus
cutaneous
Reticular layer consists of dense ______ CT with elastic fibers and collagen fibers
irregular
Reticular Layer makes up about __% of dermal thickness
80
blisters are (fluid/air) -filled pockets that separate _______ and dermal layers of the skin
fluid, epidermal
Reticular layer cleavage lines are externally invisible and formed by many collagen fibers running (parallel, opposite) to skin surface
parallel
________- is a yellow to orange pigment that is most obvious in palms and soles
carotene
Hair (bulb/follicle) is the expanded area at deep end of follicle
bulb
Flexure lines of reticular layer are dermal folds that are located _______ joints
at or near
________ is the only pigment made in skin
melanin
_________ causes the pinkish hue of fair skin
hemoglobin
Hairs and nails contains (hard/soft) keratin
hard
Hair (shaft/root) is the area that extends above scalp where keratinization is complete
shaft
Hair consists of (dead/alive), keratinized epithelial cells
dead
Hair Follicle is a tube-like extension from the ______ surface into ______
epidermal, dermis
(arrector/errector) pili is a small band of smooth muscle attached to the follicle
arrector
Hair papilla is a mound of dermal tissue containing capillaries that supplies (nutrients/collagen) to growing hair
nutrients
Hair (shaft/root) is the area within scalp where keratinization is still going on
root
Hair pigments are made by _____cytes in hair follicles
melano
Hair follicle ______ is a sensory nerve ending that wraps around hair bulb
receptor
Hair matrix is the (actively/nonactive) dividing area of hair bulb that produces the hair cells
actively
(Vellus/venus) hair is pale, fine body hair found on children and adult females
vellus
(terminus/terminal) hair is coarse, long hair found on scalp and eyebrows and can be dark
terminal
Nail _____ is the thickened proximal portion of nail bed responsible for nail growth
matrix
Nail (bed/plate) is the epidermis underneath keratinized nail plate
bed
_________ Nail fold projects onto surface of nail body and is called eponychium or cuticle
proximal
Hyponychium is the area under free edge of plate that accumulates _____ and secures free edge to finger or toe
dirt
Nail folds are skin folds that overlap _____ of nail
border
Sweat Glands are also called _______ glands
Sudoriferous
The lunule, (round/crescent) shaped region, appears white because the thickened nail matrix hides the capillaries
crescent
Eccrine Sweat Glands are the most _________ type
numerous
Function of Eccrine Sweat Glands is _________
Thermoregulation
Ceruminous glands line (external/internal) ear canal and secrete cerumen
external
Mammary glands secrete ____ (think breastfeeding)
milk
Composition of Sweat is 99% ____, _____, Vitamin ____, antibodies, and metabolic wastes
water, salts, C
Sebaceous Glands are _____ Glands
oil
Apocrine Sweat Glands are located in (pits), (poo), and (private) regions
axillary, anus, genital
sebum helps to _____ hair, ____ water loss from skin, and kill bacteria
soften, slow
Functions of Skin are first and foremost a barrier
a. ________
b. Body temperature regulation
c. Cutaneous sensations
d. Metabolic functions
e. ______ reservoir
f. ______ of wastes
protection, blood, excretion
- _____; contains antimicrobial proteins
2._____; kill bacteria - ___ also secrete antimicrobial defensin
- ____ mantle: low pH of skin retards bacterial multiplication
- ________ provides a chemical barrier against UV radiation damage
sweat, sebum, cells, acid, melanin
Chemicals w limited skin penetration that are able to penetrate the skin
1. Lipid-soluble substances
2. Plant oleoresins (e.g., poison ivy)
3. Organic solvents (acetone, paint thinner)
4. Salts of heavy metals (lead, mercury)
5. Some drugs (nitroglycerin)
6. Drug agents
repeat 3x
the epidermis contains _____cytic cells
phagocytic
If body temperature rises, dermal blood vessels (decrease/dilate)
dilate
If body temperature decreases, dermal blood vessels (increase/constrict)
constrict
Cutaneous Sensory Receptors are part of the which System
nervous
Skin begins the pathway for the synthesis of vitamin (A/D/E/K)
D
Skin can hold up to _% of the body’s total blood volume
5
Skin can secrete (limitless/limited) amounts of nitrogenous wastes
limited
Most skin tumors are benign (not _______) and do not spread (______size)
cancerous, meta
Basal Cell Carcinoma is the (most/least) malignant and most common
least
Squamous Cell Carcinoma is the second most common type and (can/won’t) spread
can
melanoma is cancer of ________cytes and is the most dangerous because it is highly metastatic and resistant to chemotherapy
melanocytes
Tissue damage from burns is caused by ____, electricity, radiation, and certain ______
heat, chemicals
Burns classified by severity
1. ___-degree burns
2. ______-degree burns
3. ____-degree burns
4. _______-degree burns
1st, 2nd, 3rd, 4th
First-degree burn
(dermal/epidermal) damage only with localized redness, _____ (swelling), and pain
epidermal, edema
Second-degree burn
All of the ______ and the upper part of the dermis is damaged leaving _____
epidermis, blisters
First and second-degree burns are referred to as ______-thickness burns
partial
Third-degree burn
All of the ______ and ______ is damaged and referred to as ____
thickness burns
epidermis, dermis, full
Fourth-degree burn
A burn that extends through the ____ thickness of the skin and into the underlying ____, ___, muscles or tendons.
full, bone, fat
Rule of Nines
A method of ______ the extent of body _____ that has been ______ in an adult.
estimating, surface, burned
