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Biology > ch 5 Structure and Function of large biological molecules > Flashcards

ch 5 Structure and Function of large biological molecules Flashcards

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AP® Biology flashcards Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

3 classes of macromolecules

A

carbohydrates, proteins, and nucleic acids

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2
Q

polymer

A

long molecule with many similar building blocks linked by covalent bonds.

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3
Q

monomer

A

the repeating units of a polymer

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4
Q

condensation reaction

A

The forming of a bond when monomers are connected by a reaction in which a water molecule is removed

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5
Q

enzymes

A

macromolecules that speed up chemical reactions in cells

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6
Q

hydrolysis

A

The breaking of a bond when a water molecule is added.

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7
Q

carbohydrates

A

a sugar (monosaccharide, disaccharide, or polysaccharide)

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8
Q

monosaccharide

A

simple sugars

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9
Q

glycosidic linkage

A

a covalent bond formed between 2 monosaccharides by a dehydration reaction

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10
Q

Starch

A

a way plants store sugar

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11
Q

glycogen

A

a way animals store sugar

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12
Q

chitin

A

structural polysaccharide for arthropods

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13
Q

lipids

A

hydrophobic molecules

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14
Q

triglyceride

A

fat; 3 fatty acid molecules joined to glycerol by an ester linkage

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15
Q

saturated fatty acid

A

as many hydrogen atoms as possible on a carbon skeleton because there are no double bonds

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16
Q

unsaturated fatty acid

A

a carbon skeleton with one or more double bonds, causing a kink in its hydrocarbon chain

17
Q

phospholipids

A

form the double layered cell wall

18
Q

steroids

A

lipid with a 4 ringed carbon skeleton

19
Q

cholesterol

A

synthesized in the liver, precursor for other steroids, common component of cell membrane

20
Q

catalysts

A

chemical agents that speed up chemical reactions without being consumed

21
Q

polypeptide

A

polymers of amino acids

22
Q

Protein

A

one or more polypeptides folded into 3D

23
Q

peptide bond

A

covalent bond due to dehydration reaction of 2 amino acids

24
Q

denaturation

A

change in the original shape of a lipid

25
Q

chaperonins

A

protein molecules that assist in the proper folding of other proteins

Biology (17 decks)

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