Ch. 5 - Skill In Sports

Question 0

Movement time

Answer 0

Time between initiation and completion of the response

Question 1

Reaction time

Answer 1

The time that elapses between a stimulus and the response to it

Question 2

Hick’s Law

Answer 2

Reaction time in linearly related to the number of choices the performer has to make

Question 3

Psychological refractory period

Answer 3

The time delay between the onset of a 2nd stimulus whilst the response to the 1st stimulus is being processed and completed. A dummy or fake in a team game is a good example. It delays the defenders reaction time and therefore response time to your attacking.

Question 4

Factors affecting response time

Answer 4

Age, experience, fitness, fatigue, illness, pre-occupation, distraction, mood, drugs/medication, alcohol, tobacco, poor vision, anticipation, and poor hearing

Question 5

Choice reaction time

Answer 5

The reaction time of an individual when a choice has to be made

Question 6

Response time

Answer 6

The time that elapses between the initial stimulus and the end of the first response to it

Question 7

Response time equation

Answer 7

Response time = reaction time + movement time

Question 8

Practice

Answer 8

The act of repeatedly doing something in order to learn

Question 9

Organisation

Answer 9

Making sure everything is in order and in the correct place

Question 10

Association

Answer 10

Visualise something in your head so it will help you remember it easier

Question 11

Clarity

Answer 11

Clearing your mind so it helps you remember

Question 12

Brevity

Answer 12

Explaining something in only the necessary words

Question 13

Coding

Answer 13

Using another type of code to remember something

Question 14

Speed of learning

Answer 14

The quicker a process is learned, the more likely it is to be remembered

Question 15

Verbal

Answer 15

This type of learner repeats information over and over either aloud or silently

Question 16

Experienced

Answer 16

Know what to look for through experience

Question 17

Chunking

Answer 17

This memory improving technique groups together different pieces of information, then remembered as one piece of information

Question 18

Visual

Answer 18

This type of learner needs to look at information over and over

Question 19

Meaningfulness

Answer 19

The more meaningful a memory is, the more likely it is to be remembered

Question 20

Motor

Answer 20

This type of learner needs drawings or performing a sequence of actions repeatedly

Question 21

Arousal

Answer 21

The more alert you are the more likely you are to chose appropriate cues

Question 22

Rehearsal

Answer 22

The more memory is rehearsed, the more likely it is that it will be remembered

Question 23

Over-learning

Answer 23

The more a skill is practiced, even when perfected, the better it will be remembered

Question 24

Intensity of stimulus

Answer 24

The effectiveness of senses (e.g. short sighted, poor hearing) when detecting, e.g. speed, noise, size/shape and colour

Question 25

Short term sensory store

Answer 25

Information is stored here for less then 0.5 of a second

Question 26

Noise

Answer 26

Anything in the environment that is not relevant to your current situation

Question 27

Long term memory

Answer 27

A memory store that has no capacity limit

Question 28

Selective attention

Answer 28

An individual focusing on relevant information whilst ignoring irrelevant information

Question 29

Short term memory

Answer 29

Individuals can hold between 5-9 bits of information in here

Question 30

Serial skill

Answer 30

Requires a sequence of steps to complete a task eg gymnastics routine or long jump/triple jump

Question 31

Performance

Answer 31

The externally measurable effort that we can easily observe

Question 32

Cognitive stage

Answer 32

Beginner - needs to know and think what to do

Question 33

Motor skill

Answer 33

Observable movement involving the muscles that is aimed at achieving a desired outcome

Question 34

Gross motor skill

Answer 34

The movement of a large muscle group whilst performing a skill

Question 35

Open skill

Answer 35

Requires the performance to take into account the environmental factors and respond - is externally paced

Question 36

Associative stage

Answer 36

Intermediate - understands but needs practice

Question 37

Closed skill

Answer 37

Occurs in a stable predictable environment - is internally paced

Question 38

Discrete motor skill

Answer 38

Has a definite beginning and end eg throwing or kicking a ball

Question 39

Continuous motor skill

Answer 39

Has no definite beginning or end eg running or swimming

Question 40

Skill acquisition

Answer 40

The study of how a person acquires or develops a skill

Question 41

Fine motor skill

Answer 41

The movement of a delicate muscle group whilst performing a skill eg hands

Question 42

Autonomous stage

Answer 42

Advanced - skill is automatic - only few errors

Question 43

Skill learning

Answer 43

When a permanent change in performance occurs as a result of training or skill practice

Question 44

Cognitive skill

Answer 44

Ability to think and decide the desired outcome

Question 45

Co-active skill

Answer 45

Performed with someone else, but with no direct confrontation

Question 46

Perceptual skill

Answer 46

You must 'read' or interrupt to understand the situation. Can include senses to help you

Question 47

Cognitive skill

Answer 47

A skill that requires a lot of thinking. Success in these activities require this to win, they don't necessarily need much movement

Question 48

Motor skill

Answer 48

A movement that doesn't require much thinking, for example weightlifting

Question 49

Ability

Answer 49

Traits that we are born with

Question 50

Skill

Answer 50

Consists in the ability to bring about some end result with maximum certainty and minimum outlay of energy or time

Question 51

Perceptual - motor skill

Answer 51

This is to interpret and then act

Question 52

Closed skill

Answer 52

Performed in a more stable and predictable environment

Question 53

Serial skills

Answer 53

Involves a linking together of skills to form a longer, complex movement

Question 54

Aiming

Answer 54

Ability to correctly direct an object towards a target

Question 55

Stamina

Answer 55

Ability of endurance, or an ability to resist fatigue

Question 56

Multi-limb coordination

Answer 56

Ability to coordinate two or more limbs at one time

Question 57

Perceptual-motor abilities

Answer 57

Abilities that involve interpreting the environment stimuli and then performing the appropriate motor response

Question 58

Extent (or static) flexibility

Answer 58

Ability to bend easily in a static position

Question 59

Explosive strength

Answer 59

Ability to excerpt strength in an explosive movement

Question 60

Speed of arm movements

Answer 60

Ability which allows fast arm movement

Question 61

Manual dexterity

Answer 61

Ability to use hands to perform a difficult action with skill and precision

Question 62

Physical proficiency abilities

Answer 62

Motor abilities you are born with

Question 63

Kinaesthetic

Answer 63

The use of sense organs in your muscles and other body parts to feel the position and movement of your body

Question 64

Proprioceptors

Answer 64

Nerve receptors within the body in muscles, joints, etc providing intrinsic information regarding what class of movement is occurring

Question 65

Senses

Answer 65

Sight, taste, touch, smell, and hearing are the known examples of these

Question 66

Interceptors

Answer 66

Information from the internal organs if the body, heart, lungs, digestive system, etc

Question 67

Balance

Answer 67

Being in a stable stance. The inner ear provides Proprioceptive information on this

Question 68

Exteroceptors

Answer 68

Receptors that receive extrinsic (external) information from outside the body