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Sports Science > Ch. 5 - Skill In Sports > Flashcards

Ch. 5 - Skill In Sports Flashcards

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0
Q

Movement time

A

Time between initiation and completion of the response

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1
Q

Reaction time

A

The time that elapses between a stimulus and the response to it

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2
Q

Hick’s Law

A

Reaction time in linearly related to the number of choices the performer has to make

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3
Q

Psychological refractory period

A

The time delay between the onset of a 2nd stimulus whilst the response to the 1st stimulus is being processed and completed. A dummy or fake in a team game is a good example. It delays the defenders reaction time and therefore response time to your attacking.

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4
Q

Factors affecting response time

A

Age, experience, fitness, fatigue, illness, pre-occupation, distraction, mood, drugs/medication, alcohol, tobacco, poor vision, anticipation, and poor hearing

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5
Q

Choice reaction time

A

The reaction time of an individual when a choice has to be made

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6
Q

Response time

A

The time that elapses between the initial stimulus and the end of the first response to it

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7
Q

Response time equation

A

Response time = reaction time + movement time

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8
Q

Practice

A

The act of repeatedly doing something in order to learn

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9
Q

Organisation

A

Making sure everything is in order and in the correct place

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10
Q

Association

A

Visualise something in your head so it will help you remember it easier

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11
Q

Clarity

A

Clearing your mind so it helps you remember

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12
Q

Brevity

A

Explaining something in only the necessary words

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13
Q

Coding

A

Using another type of code to remember something

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14
Q

Speed of learning

A

The quicker a process is learned, the more likely it is to be remembered

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15
Q

Verbal

A

This type of learner repeats information over and over either aloud or silently

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16
Q

Experienced

A

Know what to look for through experience

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17
Q

Chunking

A

This memory improving technique groups together different pieces of information, then remembered as one piece of information

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18
Q

Visual

A

This type of learner needs to look at information over and over

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19
Q

Meaningfulness

A

The more meaningful a memory is, the more likely it is to be remembered

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20
Q

Motor

A

This type of learner needs drawings or performing a sequence of actions repeatedly

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21
Q

Arousal

A

The more alert you are the more likely you are to chose appropriate cues

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22
Q

Rehearsal

A

The more memory is rehearsed, the more likely it is that it will be remembered

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23
Q

Over-learning

A

The more a skill is practiced, even when perfected, the better it will be remembered

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24
Q

Intensity of stimulus

A

The effectiveness of senses (e.g. short sighted, poor hearing) when detecting, e.g. speed, noise, size/shape and colour

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25
Q

Short term sensory store

A

Information is stored here for less then 0.5 of a second

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26
Q

Noise

A

Anything in the environment that is not relevant to your current situation

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27
Q

Long term memory

A

A memory store that has no capacity limit

28
Q

Selective attention

A

An individual focusing on relevant information whilst ignoring irrelevant information

29
Q

Short term memory

A

Individuals can hold between 5-9 bits of information in here

30
Q

Serial skill

A

Requires a sequence of steps to complete a task eg gymnastics routine or long jump/triple jump

31
Q

Performance

A

The externally measurable effort that we can easily observe

32
Q

Cognitive stage

A

Beginner - needs to know and think what to do

33
Q

Motor skill

A

Observable movement involving the muscles that is aimed at achieving a desired outcome

34
Q

Gross motor skill

A

The movement of a large muscle group whilst performing a skill

35
Q

Open skill

A

Requires the performance to take into account the environmental factors and respond - is externally paced

36
Q

Associative stage

A

Intermediate - understands but needs practice

37
Q

Closed skill

A

Occurs in a stable predictable environment - is internally paced

38
Q

Discrete motor skill

A

Has a definite beginning and end eg throwing or kicking a ball

39
Q

Continuous motor skill

A

Has no definite beginning or end eg running or swimming

40
Q

Skill acquisition

A

The study of how a person acquires or develops a skill

41
Q

Fine motor skill

A

The movement of a delicate muscle group whilst performing a skill eg hands

42
Q

Autonomous stage

A

Advanced - skill is automatic - only few errors

43
Q

Skill learning

A

When a permanent change in performance occurs as a result of training or skill practice

44
Q

Cognitive skill

A

Ability to think and decide the desired outcome

45
Q

Co-active skill

A

Performed with someone else, but with no direct confrontation

46
Q

Perceptual skill

A

You must ‘read’ or interrupt to understand the situation. Can include senses to help you

47
Q

Cognitive skill

A

A skill that requires a lot of thinking. Success in these activities require this to win, they don’t necessarily need much movement

48
Q

Motor skill

A

A movement that doesn’t require much thinking, for example weightlifting

49
Q

Ability

A

Traits that we are born with

50
Q

Skill

A

Consists in the ability to bring about some end result with maximum certainty and minimum outlay of energy or time

51
Q

Perceptual - motor skill

A

This is to interpret and then act

52
Q

Closed skill

A

Performed in a more stable and predictable environment

53
Q

Serial skills

A

Involves a linking together of skills to form a longer, complex movement

54
Q

Aiming

A

Ability to correctly direct an object towards a target

55
Q

Stamina

A

Ability of endurance, or an ability to resist fatigue

56
Q

Multi-limb coordination

A

Ability to coordinate two or more limbs at one time

57
Q

Perceptual-motor abilities

A

Abilities that involve interpreting the environment stimuli and then performing the appropriate motor response

58
Q

Extent (or static) flexibility

A

Ability to bend easily in a static position

59
Q

Explosive strength

A

Ability to excerpt strength in an explosive movement

60
Q

Speed of arm movements

A

Ability which allows fast arm movement

61
Q

Manual dexterity

A

Ability to use hands to perform a difficult action with skill and precision

62
Q

Physical proficiency abilities

A

Motor abilities you are born with

63
Q

Kinaesthetic

A

The use of sense organs in your muscles and other body parts to feel the position and movement of your body

64
Q

Proprioceptors

A

Nerve receptors within the body in muscles, joints, etc providing intrinsic information regarding what class of movement is occurring

65
Q

Senses

A

Sight, taste, touch, smell, and hearing are the known examples of these

66
Q

Interceptors

A

Information from the internal organs if the body, heart, lungs, digestive system, etc

67
Q

Balance

A

Being in a stable stance. The inner ear provides Proprioceptive information on this

68
Q

Exteroceptors

A

Receptors that receive extrinsic (external) information from outside the body

Sports Science (4 decks)

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