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BIO 140 > Ch 5- Skeletal System > Flashcards

Ch 5- Skeletal System Flashcards

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Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

What are the functions of the Skeletal system?

A
  1. Support
  2. Stores minerals
  3. Blood cell production
  4. Protection of vital organs
  5. Leverage
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2
Q

What bones does the Axial skeleton consist of?

A
  • Skull
  • Veteral column
  • Sternum
  • Ribs
  • Sacrum
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3
Q

Which bones is the Appendicular skeleton consist of?

A
  • Pectoral girdle
  • Upper limb
  • Lower limb
  • Pelvic girdle
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4
Q

What is bone tissue called?

A

Osseous tissue

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5
Q

What does the matrix of osseous tissue consist of?

A
  • Collagen fibers
  • Calcium salts (~90% of body calcium)
  • Water
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6
Q

What are the four specialized type of bone cells?

A
  1. Osteoprogenitor cells
  2. Osteoblast
  3. Osteocyte
  4. Osteoclast
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7
Q

What are osteoprogenitor cells?

A

Stem cells for osteoblast and osteoclast

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8
Q

What is the function of Osteoblasts?

A

Immature bone cell that secretes osteoid, the organic bone matrix

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9
Q

What is the function of an Osteoclast?

A

Breaks down osteoid and reabsorbs bone tissue

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10
Q

What is the function of an Osteocyte?

A

Mature bone cell that maintains the bone matrix; Passes nutrients and gases

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11
Q

What are the characteristics of compact bone?

A
  • Highly organized
  • Rigid
  • Weight bearing
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12
Q

What are the characteristics of spongy bone?

A
  • Lining marrow cavities
  • Not stable
  • Open network of struts and plates
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13
Q

What are the characteristics of Periosteum?

A
  • Not at articular surfaces
  • 2 layers: 1. Fibrous (outer) 2. Cellular (inner)
  • Route: vessels, nerves
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14
Q

Where is periosteum?

A

Outside bone

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15
Q

Where is endosteum?

A
  • within the bone; associated with spongy bone
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16
Q

What are the characteristics of endosteum?

A
  • Cellular membrane
  • Spicules and trabeculae
  • Marrow cavities= cavities within the bone
17
Q

What is inside the central canal?

A

Blood vessels, lymphatic vessels, and nerves

18
Q

What is Lamellae?

A

Layers of calcified matrix in compact bone tissue

19
Q

What are the 3 types of lamellae?

A
  1. Concentric- rings
  2. Interstitial- between osteons
  3. Circumferential- outer surface (BEFORE periosteum)
20
Q

What is a canaliculi? What is the function?

A

Small canals running through the bone solid matrix; enables the passage of nutrients and wastes to and from the blood vessels within the central canal

BIO 140 (9 decks)

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