Ch. 3 Flashcards
What are the four types of tissues?
- Epithelial
- Connective
- Muscle
- Neural
What are the functions of Epithelial tissue?
- Protect surfaces
- Control permeability
- Provide sensation
- Secretion-> glandular epithelium
What are the two layers of the Basal Lamina?
- Lamina lucida- connected to the epithelial cell
- Lamina densa- deeper layer attached to the underlying connective tissue
What is mesothelium?
Used to describe the simple squamous epithelium that lines the anterior body cavities
What is Endothelium?
Describes the simple squamous epithelium lining the inner chambers of the heart and inner most layer of blood vessels
What are the 6 characteristics of epithelial tissue?
- Polarity
- Cellularity
- Basal Lamina
- Avascularity
- Arranged in sheets
- High mitotic rate
Where is simple epithelium found in the body?
- In protected areas inside of the body-> thoracic, abdominal, pelvic cavities, chambers of the heart, and ALL blood vessels
- Also found where secretion, absorption, or filtration occurs-> the lining of the intestines and gas exchange surfaces of the lungs
Where is stratified epithelium found in the body?
- Occur in areas where mechanical or chemical stresses are severe-> the surface of the skin and the lining of the oral cavity
Where are simple squamous epithelium found?
- Mesothelia lining pleural, pericardial, and peritoneal cavities
- Endothelia lining heart and blood vessels
- Portions of kidney tubules
- Inner lining of cornea
- Alveoli of lungs
What are the functions of simple squamous epithelium?
- Reduces friction
- Controls vessel permeability
- Performs absorption and secretion
Where are stratified squamous epithelium found?
- Surface of skin
- Lining of oral cavity, throat, esophagus, rectum, anus, and vagina
What are the functions of stratified squamous epithelium?
Provides physical protection against abrasion, pathogens, and chemical attack
Where are simple cuboidal epithelium found?
Glands; ducts; portions of kidney tubules; thyroid gland
What are the functions of simple cuboidal epithelium?
- Limited protection
- Secretion
- Absorption
Where is stratified cuboidal epithelium found?
Lining of some ducts (RARE epithelia)
What are the functions of stratified cuboidal epithelium?
- Protection
- Secretion
- Absorption
Where is simple columnar epithelium found?
Lining of stomach, intestine, gallbladder, uterine tubes, and collecting ducts of kidneys
What are the functions of simple columnar epithelium?
- Protection
- Secretion
- Absorption
Where is stratified columnar epithelium found? (RARE)
Small areas of the pharynx, epiglottis, anus, mammary glands, salivary gland ducts, and urethra
What is the function of stratified columnar epithelium?
Protection
Where is pseudostratified ciliated columnar epithelium found?
- Lining of nasal cavity, trachea, and bronchi
- Portions of male reproductive tract
What are the functions of pseudostratified ciliated columnar epithelium?
- Protection
- Secretion
Where is transitional epithelium found?
- Urinary bladder
- Renal pelvis
- Ureters
What are the functions of transitional epithelium?
Permits expansion and recoil after stretching
How are glandular epithelia classified?
- Type of secretion they release
- Structure of the gland
- Method of secretion
What two types may glandular epithelia be?
- Exocrine
- Endocrine
What are the three types of exocrine glandular epithelia?
- Serous glands
- Mucous glands
- Mixed exocrine glands
How do exocrine glands release their secretions onto an epithelial surface?
Through epithelial DUCTS
How do endocrine glands release their secretions?
They are DUCTLESS glands that release their secretions by exocytosis directly into the interstitial fluid surrounding the cell
What are the modes of secretion for exocrine glands?
- Apocrine
- Merocrine (Aka eccrine)
- Holocrine
What are glandular epithelia?
Gland cells in the epithelia that produce secretions
What do serous glands secrete?
A watery solution that usually contains enzymes, such as the salivary amylase in saliva
What do mucous glands secrete?
Secrete glycoproteins called mucins that absorb water to form a slippery mucus, such as the mucus in saliva
What can mixed exocrine glands secrete?
Contain more than one type of gland cell and may produce both serous and mucous secretions
What are the secretions produced by endocrine glands called?
Hormones
What is eccrine (aka merocrine) secretion?
The secretory product, packaged into secretory vesicles, is released through exocytosis onto the surface of the cell
What is apocrine secretion?
The secretory product is released during the shedding of the apical portion of the cell’s cytoplasm, which has become packed with secretory vesicles
What is holocrine secretion?
Destroys the gland cell. During holocrine secretion, the entire cell becomes packed with secretory products and then bursts apart-> secretion is released and the cell dies
