Ch 4- Integumentary System Flashcards
What are the functions of the integumentary system?
- Protects from environmental hazards
- Synthesizes and stores lipids
- Coordinates immune response to pathogens and cancers in skin
- Senses info
- Synthesizes vitamin D
- Excretes
- Regulates body temp
What are the three layers of the skin (cutaneous membrane)?
- Epidermis
- Dermis
- Hypodermis
What are the four cells types of the epidermis?
- Keratinocytes
- Melanocytes
- Merkel cells
- Langerhans cells
What are keratinocytes?
- Stores keratin
- Strength
What are Melanocytes?
- Produces and stores melanin
- Color
- UV protection
What are Merkel cells?
- Areas that lack hair
- Have a role in detecting sensation
What Langerhans cells?
- Wandering phagocytic cells that are important in the body’s immune response
What are the 5 layers of epidermis?
- Stratum basale (deepest)
- Stratum spinosum
- Stratum granulosum
- Stratum lucidum
- Stratum corneum
Which cells are in the stratum basale?
- Melanocytes and Merkel cells
Which cells are in the stratum spinosum?
- Melanocytes, Langerhans cells, and Keratinocytes
Which cells are in the stratum granulosum?
Keratinocytes
What are the characteristic of stratum lucidum?
- Lots of keratin; this layer is only present in THICK skin
- Tightly packed
What are the characters of stratum corneum?
- Many layers of flattened and dead cells
- Keratin
- Replaces about every 2 weeks
What are the 2 layers of the dermis?
- Papillary layer
- Reticular layer
What tissue and structures are present in the Papillary layer of the dermis?
- Areolar tissue
- Dermal papillae
- Meissner’s corpuscles
- Papillary plexus
What tissue and structures are present in the reticular layer of the dermis?
- Dense irregular connective tissue
- Hair follicle
- Sebaceous glands
- Arrector pili muscle
-Sweat glands (Apocrine and Eccrine) - Ruffini corpuscles
- Pacinian corpuscles
What kind of tissue is the arrector pili muscle made of?
Smooth muscle tissue
What to ruffini corpuscles detect?
Stretch
What do pacinian corpuscles detect?
Deep pressure and vibration
What type of tissue does the Hypodermis consist of?
Adipose tissue
What is the function of the Hypodermis?
Attaches skin to muscle, bone, and other structures
What structure is present in the Hypodermis?
Cutaneous plexus- highly vascular
What is Basal cell carcinoma? Which layer of the epidermis does it occur in? What causes it?
- Malignant tumor
- Stratum basale
- Caused by UV rays
What is squamous cell carcinoma? Where does it occur?
- Malignant squamous epithelium
- Epidermis, mucus membranes
What is Malignant melanoma?
- Malignant melanocyte
- Potentially fatal
- ABCD’s
What are the ABCD’s?
A= asymmetry
B= border (uneven edges)
C= color (2+ shades)
D= diameter (larger than 1/4 inch)
