Ch 4- Integumentary System

Question 1

What are the functions of the integumentary system?

Answer 1

• Protects from environmental hazards
• Synthesizes and stores lipids
• Coordinates immune response to pathogens and cancers in skin
• Senses info
• Synthesizes vitamin D
• Excretes
• Regulates body temp

Question 2

What are the three layers of the skin (cutaneous membrane)?

Answer 2

1. Epidermis
2. Dermis
3. Hypodermis

Question 3

What are the four cells types of the epidermis?

Answer 3

1. Keratinocytes
2. Melanocytes
3. Merkel cells
4. Langerhans cells

Question 4

What are keratinocytes?

Answer 4

• Stores keratin
• Strength

Question 5

What are Melanocytes?

Answer 5

• Produces and stores melanin
• Color
• UV protection

Question 6

What are Merkel cells?

Answer 6

• Areas that lack hair
• Have a role in detecting sensation

Question 7

What Langerhans cells?

Answer 7

• Wandering phagocytic cells that are important in the body’s immune response

Question 8

What are the 5 layers of epidermis?

Answer 8

1. Stratum basale (deepest)
2. Stratum spinosum
3. Stratum granulosum
4. Stratum lucidum
5. Stratum corneum

Question 9

Which cells are in the stratum basale?

Answer 9

• Melanocytes and Merkel cells

Question 10

Which cells are in the stratum spinosum?

Answer 10

• Melanocytes, Langerhans cells, and Keratinocytes

Question 11

Which cells are in the stratum granulosum?

Answer 11

Keratinocytes

Question 12

What are the characteristic of stratum lucidum?

Answer 12

• Lots of keratin; this layer is only present in THICK skin
• Tightly packed

Question 13

What are the characters of stratum corneum?

Answer 13

• Many layers of flattened and dead cells
• Keratin
• Replaces about every 2 weeks

Question 14

What are the 2 layers of the dermis?

Answer 14

1. Papillary layer
2. Reticular layer

Question 15

What tissue and structures are present in the Papillary layer of the dermis?

Answer 15

• Areolar tissue
• Dermal papillae
• Meissner’s corpuscles
• Papillary plexus

Question 16

What tissue and structures are present in the reticular layer of the dermis?

Answer 16

• Dense irregular connective tissue
• Hair follicle
• Sebaceous glands
• Arrector pili muscle
  -Sweat glands (Apocrine and Eccrine)
• Ruffini corpuscles
• Pacinian corpuscles

Question 17

What kind of tissue is the arrector pili muscle made of?

Answer 17

Smooth muscle tissue

Question 18

What to ruffini corpuscles detect?

Answer 18

Stretch

Question 19

What do pacinian corpuscles detect?

Answer 19

Deep pressure and vibration

Question 20

What type of tissue does the Hypodermis consist of?

Answer 20

Adipose tissue

Question 21

What is the function of the Hypodermis?

Answer 21

Attaches skin to muscle, bone, and other structures

Question 22

What structure is present in the Hypodermis?

Answer 22

Cutaneous plexus- highly vascular

Question 23

What is Basal cell carcinoma? Which layer of the epidermis does it occur in? What causes it?

Answer 23

• Malignant tumor
• Stratum basale
• Caused by UV rays

Question 24

What is squamous cell carcinoma? Where does it occur?

Answer 24

• Malignant squamous epithelium
• Epidermis, mucus membranes

Question 25

What is Malignant melanoma?

Answer 25

• Malignant melanocyte
• Potentially fatal
• ABCD’s

Question 26

What are the ABCD’s?

Answer 26

A= asymmetry
B= border (uneven edges)
C= color (2+ shades)
D= diameter (larger than 1/4 inch)